Disaster Risk Reduction

NATURAL PROCESSES THAT SHAPE

AND CHANGE THE ENVIRONMENT

1. Plate tectonics- leading to mountain building,

volcanisms, ocean formation etc.
2. Atmospheric processes- formation of clouds,
precipitation, wind, etc.
3. Biological accumulation- reef building, colony
formation, forestation, etc.
4. Human Activities- urbanization, extracting
resources, geoengineering, etc.
Philippine Disaster Risk Profile
The Philippines is an
archipelagic nation located in
Southeast Asia, comprising
7,107 islands, spanning 1,840
kms from north to south.
Total land area - 300,000 sq.
kms.
Coastlines - 36,000 kilometers,
the

longest coastlines in the world

Bounded by three large bodies
of water:

on the west and north - by the

South China Sea
on the east - by the Pacific
Ocean
on the south - by the Celebes
Sea and the coastal waters of
Borneo
Topography
Three major island groups:
Luzon - largest island group with
141,000 sq. kms.
Mindanao - second with 102,000 sq.
kms.
Visayas - third with 57,000 sq. kms.
Luzon is the most mountainous with
extensive valleys and plains running
through its interiors
Three major mountain ranges in the
area: the Sierra Madre, the Central
Cordillera and the Caraballo
Mountains
The southern portion of the island has
a dominantly volcanic topography
with ridges and valleys of gentle slope
and generally accordant drainage
Active volcanoes such as Mt Pinatubo,
Mayon Volcano and Mt Bulusan are
found in this group of islands
 Topography

Visayas Island - located in the central

Philippines, has a severe dissection of
topography due to its exposure to
typhoons from Pacific and torrential rains
 characterized by mountains and hills
(where peaks reach 900m), river basins,
floodplains, plateaus and valleys

Mindanao - has diverse structural

elements and different forms of
physiographic development including fault
block mountains, volcanic peaks, uplifted
plateaus, low flat basins, a notable fault
zone which also cuts through Luzon and
Visayas, fissure low masses, and incised
valleys and canyons.
Major mountain ranges: the Eastern or
Pacific Cordillera, the Bukidnon- Davao
Range
 Climate
Tropical marine climate (has high temperature and
warm air currents flow over its land masses)
Dominated by two major seasons: wet and dry
seasons
The summer (southwest) monsoon brings heavy rains
to most of the archipelago from June to November
The winter (northeast) monsoon brings cooler and
drier air from December to May
Mean annual temperature is 26.6ºC

28.3ºC during summer months

 Climate
25.5ºC during rainy months

Rainfall is the most important climatic

element in the Philippines.
Rainfall distribution throughout the
country varies from one region to
another, depending upon the direction
of the moisture-bearing winds and the
location of the mountain systems.
Mean annual rainfall varies from 965
to 4,064 millimeters annually
Philippine Disaster Risk Profile

The Philippines is situated along a highly seismic area lying along the PACIFIC RING OF
FIRE where two major tectonic plates (Philippine Sea and Eurasian) meet and is
highly-prone to earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. This explains the occurrence
of earthquakes and tsunamis and the existence of around 300 volcanoes of which
22 are active
 Philippine Disaster Risk Profile

Tropical storms or typhoons accompanied by
heavy rain and/or strong winds that may result in
floods, landslides and storm surge are the most
prevalent types of hydro-meteorological hazards in
the country.
The Philippines is located in the Pacific typhoon
belt. The country experiences an average of 20
typhoons a year, 5 of which are said to be
destructive.
 In the past 20 years,
31,835 Filipinos have
Millions reported been killed
of Filipinos and 94,369,462 people
are at risk. have been affected by
disasters.
“The Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Act of 2010”
Approved : May 27, 2010
Effective : June 24, 2010

* DRRM Act Implementing Rules and Regulations

(IRR)

Approved : September 27, 2010

Effective : October 7, 2010
 Paradigm shift
Top-down and centralized disaster Bottom-up and participatory
management disaster risk reduction

Disasters as merely a function of Disaster mainly a reflection of

physical hazard people’s vulnerability.

Integrated approach to genuine social

Focus on disaster response and and human development to reduce
anticipation disaster risk
 HAZARD
•A dangerous phenomenon,
substance, human activity or
condition that may cause loss of
life, injury or other health impacts,
property damage, loss of livelihoods
and services, social and economic
disruption, or environmental
damages (UNISDR 2009)
 DISASTER
•A serious disruption of the functioning
of a community or a society involving
widespread human, material, economic,
or environmental losses and impacts
which exceeds the ability of the affected
community or society to cope using its
own resources. (UNISDR 2009)
** Disasters are often described as a
result of the combination of
• exposure to a hazard; the condition
of vulnerability that are present and
•Insufficient capacity or measures to
reduce or cope with the potential
negative consequences.
 DISASTER IMPACTS
•Loss of life
•Injury
•Diseases (other negative effects to human
physical, mental and social well being)
•Damage to property
•Destruction of assets
•Loss of services
•Environmental degradation
 TYPES OF HAZARDS
A. Man Made and Technological Hazards
- a hazard originating from technological or
industrial conditions, including
1.Accidents
2.dangerous procedures
3. infrastructure failures and
4.other human activities.
 TYPES OF HAZARDS
B. NATURAL HAZARDS
- Naturally occurring physical phenomena
caused either by rapid or slow onset events.
1.Biological hazards
2.Geological hazards
3.Hydro meteorological hazard
 NATURAL HAZARDS
1. Biological Hazards (“bios-life”)
 process or phenomenon of organic origin or conveyed
by biological vectors/ agents, including exposure to
pathogenic microorganisms, toxins and bioactive
substances.
e.g.
1. Epidemic diseases outbreaks
2. Plant or animal contagion
3. Insect or other animal plagues and infestations
 NATURAL HAZARDS
2. Geological Hazards (“ge-Earth”)
Natural processes originates from the solid
earth-geosphere.
e.g.
1. Earthquakes
2. Volcanic activities and emissions
3. Mass movements
4. Rockslides
5. Surface collapses
6. Debris or mudflows
 NATURAL HAZARDS
3. Hydro meteorological hazard
(“hydor- water) (“meteoros- sky)
 Processes or phenomenon of atmospheric,
hydrological or oceanographic nature.
e.g.
1. Tropical cyclones (known 6. Heavy snowfall
as typhoons or hurricanes) 7. Avalanches
2. Thunderstorms 8. Flash floods
3. Hailstorms 9. Heatwaves
4. Tornadoes 10.Cold spells
5. Blizzards