• Building components,

mostly are structural

components are
standardized and produced
in plants or offsite, in a
location away from the
construction site, and then
transported to the site for
assembly.
• Large-panel systems
• Frame systems
• Slab-column systems with walls
• Mixed systems
• Assemble mould
• Check level and flatness
• Check dimension and squareness
• Clean and free mould from debris etc
• Check Joints and edges of mould, bolts,
stoppers, tie rods, side props and rubber
seal
• fix the rebars or cast in items or
prestressing strands
• The rebar size, spacing and lap length are
in accordance with the drawings.
• provide sufficient number or spacers with
the correct sizes
• final inspection need to be done
• Check and verify all details comply with
drawings
• check the concrete grade used is according to
design specifications.
• Conduct slump test in compliance with BS 1881to
assess the workability of the concrete mix before
placing the concrete to the mould
• The drop height should not be exceed more than
1m
• A proper vibration and compaction should be
carried in particular, in more congestion areas
• Spreading and leveling of concrete surface level is
required after initial set.
• Use Screeder to maintain the required thickness.
• Use of power trowel/float is recommended for
smooth surface finishes.
• to protect concrete from loss of moisture and be kept within
reasonable temperature
• a key player in mitigating cracks in concrete, which severely
impacts durability.
• Two methods for accelerating the curing process exist:
• 1) the use of
• physical processes, and
• 2) the use of admixtures to act as catalysts for the hydration
process
• the minimum concrete strength required may be higher to
overcome the suction and frictional forces during
demoulding
• As general guide, ensure the concrete strengths attained for
reinforced precast elements and presetressed precast
elements are minimum 10 N/mm2 and 25 N/mm2
respectively.
• check on the condition of finished product
• is needed to avoid unexpected failure of during
handling and installation.
• Proper identification marking should be placed on
elements showing the location, member type, size,
weight and orientation as per shop drawing.
• check the elements whether its achieved 75% of design
concrete strength before delivery to site
• Strong and Growing Stronger : The strength of
precast concrete gradually increases over time.
• Easy Install
• Lower Lifetime Costs means that installation is often
easier, quicker and less costly
• Job Done Fast
• Staying Durable
• Discuss the five (5) differences between
precast concrete and mass concrete
production?
• It is 87% till 23% lighter than the
conventional concrete.
• The main specialties of lightweight
concrete are its low density and
thermal conductivity.
 by injecting air in its
composition

Method
by omitting the finer
sizes of the aggregate

replacing them by a
hollow, cellular or
porous aggregate
Equipment Materials

1. Normal
concrete/mortar mixer or 1. Fine sand
special mixers for foam
concrete.

2. Foam 2. Cement
Generator

3. Formwork (if
producing pre- 3. Water
cast components)

4. Stable foam
• mix sand and cement in dry condition.
• mix dry constituents for a few minutes
• add water in stages and make sure the mixing is
thorough.
• add foam to the wet slurry and ensure foam has been
completely mixed with the mortar.
• check that the wet density of the foamed concrete is
close to what is required.
• dry density (oven dried) of foamed concrete is normally
less than its wet density, depending on w/c ratio,
density and also on the cellular structure obtained
• rapid and relatively simple construction
• Economical in terms of transportation as
• well as reduction in manpower
• Reduction of overall weight results
• Better nailing sawing properties than heavier and stronger
conventional concrete
• Very sensitive with water content in the mixture
• Difficult to place and finish because of the porosity and
angularity of the aggregate.
• Mixing time is longer than conventional concrete to assure
proper mixing.
• In your opinion, state the reason why we
do not need to vibrate the mix of
lightweight concrete after pour it into
mould?
Vibrating and compacting works
are not necessary because Foam
itself is naturally self-levelling
and self-compacting, filling the
smallest voids, cavities and seams
within the pouring area.
These two properties are
evaluated in terms of
consistency and stability of foam
concrete.
• a decorative column
provided at a roof or any
corners of building.
False Column of
• This column did not have Church of Saint James .
Greater in Brtnice.
ability to carry load
• use purposely as
aesthetic material of
building.
False Column :
Interior Project
• Cornice is generally Classical Cornice

continuous and horizontally

decorative molded
projection along the top of
a wall or building just
below the roof.
• It is traditionally used in A gable roof with
period settings to provide two cornice returns

sculptured elegance to the

building.
• Curved panel can be manufactured
from any materials such as glass,
timber, concrete or composite Curved Glass Panel

material.
• Generally, manufacturing and
mounting process will be done offsite
• Finished product will be transported
to site for installation. Concrete Forming System
For Curved Walls
• Façade can be defined as
face or frontage of a
building. Façade without building by Zacharie Gaudrillot- Roy

• The function of façade is to

set up outer, sometimes as
side or rear appearance
to set the tone or identity
of the building. Modern House Façade, Kowalewski Residence
• The are two categories of
façade; Load Bearing
Exoskeleton Facade
• i. Load bearing Façade
serve dual purposes, as
structural support for floor
load and structural above,
and also functioning as
architectural elements
• ii. Non Load bearing
Free-floating facade –
façade purely as decorative the facades are free
enclosures for internal floors of the load-bearing
structure, and placed
freely on the stilts.
• Half slab comprise of thin
reinforced concrete slab with
cast in lattice girders and
which are provided with an-in
situ concrete topping. Lattice girders

The benefits of using half slab

are:
•High strength and good quality
•Extreme dimensioning versatility
•Easy and rapid install
•Speed up construction
• State the difference between Load
Bearing and Non Load Bearing
Façade?
 Load bearing Non Load bearing
- as structural support for
floor load and structural Purposely as
above decorative enclosures
& for internal floors
- also functioning as
architectural elements
 Energy
Efficiency

Precast Low impact

Construction
vs
Sustainability
Dematerialisation

Local
Production
• Precast building elements help to
• Minize cost
• Reduce environmental impacts
• Social benefits
 I was very popular among
architects. Sometimes they
designed me to cater load. I can
be at the front, rear or any side of
building. If I exist, old building got
better image and sophisticated.
 I am a very strong panel
because of my special
geometry. I can be
manufactured from many
materials but might be a
little bit expensive due to
mounting process.
Flat, very thin and lighter
than my siblings, these
three characteristics are
best description of
myself. I have special
bones, which help me to
resist dead and live load.
 People often see me at
historical building. My
favourite location either
at the top of wall or over
window and door. Most of
the time, people will be
amazed to see me there
because of nice pattern
at my body.
 Not an ordinary manufacturer
can produce me. People always
judge me as high cost, but the
fact is many hidden cost could
be eliminated if they order me in
good quantity. I almost
complete as a component and
can be used as soon as
installation done.