02 March 2017

Concentrated Photovoltaic

Dr. Irfan Ullah

Assistant Professor
Electrical Engineering Department
University of Management and technology

Photovoltaic Energy Systems EE526

Contents

1. Efficiency of CPV system

2. Designing of Fresnel lens
3. Hardware design of Fresnel lens
4. Designs of CPV systems
Requirements for solar concentrators

Factors that influence the design of concentrators for

solar energy
1. Cost and ease of manufacture on an appropriate
scale
2. Extent of guidance required for following the sun
3. Durability and maintenance
4. Required working temperature of absorber
5. Preferred geometry of absorber in relation to the Solartron Energy Systems Inc.
a parabolic solar concentrator that
mode of utilization of the energy tracks the sun throughout the day,
providing up to 12kW of thermal heat
6. Susceptibility to contamination and durability per hour
under ultraviolet irradiation
Solar thermal versus photovoltaic
concentrator

Photovoltaics
• the cell temperature must be kept as low as possible
• the cell conversion efficiency decreases with temperature. the
photovoltaic system should be designed to provide a temperature at the
cell p - n junction smaller than 65°C at standard operating conditions
(ambient temperature = 25°C; wind speed = 1m/s; irradiance =
850W/m2) Photovoltaic

• the active surface of the solar cell is always flat, typically with a round or
squared contour of the active area
Thermal
• medium- to high-temperature solar thermal systems operate with the
absorber at a temperature over 300°C
• In this situation, the optics cannot be in touch with the receiver to avoid
conduction losses and high thermal stresses
• there is a wider variety of receiver geometries
Solar thermal
Central receiver (Cg = 500-1000)

Advanced molten salt technology with storage offers

• Solar/EPGS decoupling
• Load following capabilities
• Capacity factors to 60%

Concentrated solar power using thermal

Central receiver (Cg = 500-1000) cont’d..

• The use of secondary

concentrators to attain high flux
at the receiver
• Advantage of allowing the
power block also to be on the
ground
• Weizmann Institute of Science
in Rehoveth

Schematic of Weizmann “beam down” central receiver plant

Central receiver (Cg = 500-1000) cont’d..

19.9 MW Gemasolar solar plant, Spain The IVANPAH solar thermal power, CA
• 15 hours of storage and can supply power 24 hours a • Size: Approx. 3,500 acres
day • Power Production: 370-392 MW
• Net electrical production expected: 110 GWh/year
• Solar field: 2,650 heliostats on 185 hectares
• The plant will supply clean, safe power to 25,000
homes and reduce atmospheric CO2 emissions by
more than 30,000 tons a year.
Concentrated Photovoltaic (CPV)
Solar Techno Park
concentrates sunlight on solar cell
Tower height: 20 m
Concentration: 1000 times
Power: 40-60 kW
Location: Tokyo, Japan
IBM-led Group
Hundreds of photovoltaic chips
Concentration: 2,000 suns
Power: 25 KW
Location: Kona District, Hawaii, USA
 Efficiency of CPV

efficiency of 43.5%

Losses occurring in the CPV system

Non-uniform illumination in concentrating solar cells

 Designing of Fresnel lens

Groove
Depth

Focal length
Groove pitch

Diameter
Draft angle
Designing of Fresnel lens Cont’d..
Fresnel lens
Direct ray

300 mm

311.8 mm

330 mm

17 mm
Plano-concave
lens
Collimated ray
Bundle of optical
fibers
14.4 mm
 Hardware design of Fresnel Lens

Molding of Fresnel lens solar collector Injection molding machine.

Analysis of processing parameters in fabrication of Fresnel lens solar collector

Fresnel lens
Solar tracking

Hydraulic Motor

Tracking with nano-composite

Irradiance uniformity

Uniform irradiance over solar cell

CPV system using Fresnel arrays

Irradiance distribution over the receiver

Solar Islands

https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=D1XyR3YOVZQ

12/23
Dome-shaped Fresnel Lens
• Reduced coma
• Minimize chromatic aberration
• Minimum reflectance loss especially that of the
back surface of the lens
• Shorter focal length
• Robustness against static load to the lens such
by snowfall.

30 kW Concentrator Photovoltaic System Using Dome-shaped Fresnel Lenses

Dome-shaped Fresnel-Köhler
concentrator
Dome-shaped non-imaging Fresnel
lenses

Design of dome-shaped non-imaging Fresnel lenses taking chromatic aberration into account
Achromatic Fresnel lens

Nonimaging achromatic shaped Fresnel lenses for ultrahigh solar concentration

Domed shape Fresnel lens

Optical geometry approach for elliptical Fresnel lens design and chromatic aberration
 Truncated Cone thin film Fresnel Lens

Advantages of the Microsharp Truncated Cone thin film Fresnel Lens for Solar Concentrator Optics
Lens array for concentration

A micro-optic solar concentrator

SOE for CPV system

Comparative analysis of
different secondary optical
elements for aspheric primary
lenses
Effect of particles of dirt
 Solar concentrator

CPV standardization: An overview

 Hardware design of Fresnel lens

5.4 kW in Spain

DEVELOPMENT OF FLATCON
MODULES USING SECONDARY
OPTICS
 Compound Fresnel lens

Design of Novel Compound Fresnel Lens for High-Performance Photovoltaic Concentrator

 Parabolic reflector

Design method of non-imaging secondary (NIS) for CPV usage

 Homogenizer for Fresnel lens

Performance of CPV modules based on vertical multi-junction cells under non-uniform illumination
 Crossed Compound Parabolic Concentrator

Optical efficiency study of PV Crossed Compound Parabolic Concentrator

 Two-stage concentrator

Optimal design of symmetrical two-stage flat reflected concentrator

Discussion

Thanks
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