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Learning Objectives
1 Explain how to account for cash dividends.
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LEARNING
OBJECTIVE 1 Explain how to account for cash dividends.
Types of Dividends:
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Cash Dividends
2. Adequate cash.
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Cash Dividends
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Cash Dividends
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Dividend Preferences
CUMULATIVE DIVIDEND
Illustration: Scientific Leasing has 5,000 shares of 7%, $100 par
value, cumulative preferred stock outstanding. Each $100 share
pays a $7 dividend (.07 x $100). The annual dividend is $35,000
(5,000 x $7 per share). If dividends are two years in arrears,
preferred stockholders are entitled to receive the following
dividends in the current year.
Illustration 14-2
Computation of total dividends to preferred stock
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ALLOCATING CASH DIVIDENDS
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ALLOCATING CASH DIVIDENDS
2017 2018
Dividends declared $ 6,000 $ 50,000
Dividends in arrears 2,000 **
Allocation to preferred 6,000 8,000 *
Remainder to common $ - $ 40,000
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ALLOCATING CASH DIVIDENDS
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Dividends on Preferred and Common
DO IT! 1 Stock
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Dividends on Preferred and Common
DO IT! 1 Stock
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Dividends on Preferred and Common
DO IT! 1 Stock
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LEARNING Explain how to account for stock dividends
2
OBJECTIVE and splits.
Stock Dividends
A pro rata (proportional to ownership) distribution of the
corporation’s own stock to stockholders.
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Stock Dividends
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ENRTIES FOR STOCK DIVIDENDS
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ENRTIES FOR STOCK DIVIDENDS
Record the journal entry when Medland issues the dividend shares.
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Stock Dividends
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Stock Dividends
Question
Which of the following statements about small stock dividends is
true?
a. A debit to Stock Dividends for the par value of the shares
issued should be made.
b. A small stock dividend decreases total stockholders’
equity.
c. Market value per share should be assigned to the
dividend shares.
d. A small stock dividend ordinarily will have an effect on par
value per share of stock.
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Stock Dividends
Question
In the stockholders’ equity section, Common Stock Dividends
Distributable is reported as a(n):
b. current liability.
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Stock Splits
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Stock Splits
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Stock Splits
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Investor Insight Berkshire Hathaway
A No-Split Philosophy
Warren Buffett’s company, Berkshire Hathaway, has two classes of
shares. Until recently, the company had never split either class of stock.
As a result, the class A stock had a market price of$97,000 and the class
B sold for about $3,200 per share. Because the price per share is so high,
the stock does not trade as frequently as the stock of other companies.
Buffett has always opposed stock splits because he feels that a lower
stock price attracts short-term investors. He appears to be correct. For
example, while more than 6 million shares of IBM are exchanged on the
average day, only about 1,000 class A shares of Berkshire are traded.
Despite Buffett’s aversion to splits, in order to accomplish a recent
acquisition, Berkshire decided to split its class B shares 50 to 1.
Source: Scott Patterson, “Berkshire Nears Smaller Baby B’s,” Wall Street Journal
Online (January 19, 2010).
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DO IT! 2 Stock Dividends and Stock Splits
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DO IT! 2 Stock Dividends and Stock Splits
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LEARNING Prepare and analyze a comprehensive
3
OBJECTIVE stockholders’ equity section.
Illustration 14-10
Stockholders’ equity
with deficit
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Retained Earnings
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Retained Earnings
Result from:
► mathematical mistakes.
► mistakes in application of accounting principles.
► oversight or misuse of facts.
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RETAINED EARNINGS STATEMENT
Woods, Inc.
Statement of Retained Earnings
For the Year Ended December 31, 2017
Before issuing the report for the year ended December 31, 2017, you discover a
$50,000 error (net of tax) that caused the 2016 inventory to be overstated
(overstated inventory caused COGS to be lower and thus net income to be higher in
2016. Would this discovery have any impact on the reporting of the Statement of
Retained Earnings for 2017?
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RETAINED EARNINGS STATEMENT
Woods, Inc.
Statement of Retained Earnings
For the Year Ended December 31, 2017
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RETAINED EARNINGS STATEMENT
Illustration 14-14
Retained earnings statement
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RETAINED EARNINGS STATEMENT
Question
All but one of the following is reported in a retained
earnings statement. The exception is:
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Statement Presentation and Analysis
Illustration 14-15
Comprehensive stockholders’
equity section
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Statement Presentation and Analysis
ANALYSIS
To illustrate, Walt Disney Company’s beginning-of-the-year and end-
of-the-year common stockholders’ equity were $31,820 and $30,753
million, respectively. Its net income was $4,687 million, and no
preferred stock was outstanding.
Illustration 14-16
Ratio shows how many dollars of net income the company earned
for each dollar invested by the common stockholders.
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DO IT! 3 Retained Earnings Statement
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DO IT! 3 Retained Earnings Statement
Income
Statement
Presentation
Illustration 14-17
Income statement
with income taxes
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Income Statement Analysis
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Income Statement Analysis
Question
The income statement for Nadeen, Inc. shows income before
income taxes $700,000, income tax expense $210,000, and
net income $490,000. If Nadeen has 100,000 shares of
common stock outstanding throughout the year, earnings per
share is:
a. $7.00.
b. $4.90. ($490,000 / 100,000 = $4.90)
c. $2.10.
d. No correct answer is given.
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People, Planet, and Profit Insight
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DO IT! 4 Stockholders’ Equity and EPS
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DO IT! 4 Stockholders’ Equity and EPS
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A Look at IFRS
Key Points
Similarities
The accounting related to prior period adjustment is essentially the
same under IFRS and GAAP.
The stockholders’ equity section is essentially the same under IFRS
and GAAP. However, terminology used to describe certain
components is often different. These differences are discussed in
Chapter 13.
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A Look at IFRS
Key Points
The income statement using IFRS is called the statement of
comprehensive income. A statement of comprehensive income is
presented in a one- or two-statement format. The single-statement
approach includes all items of income and expense, as well as each
component of other comprehensive income or loss by its individual
characteristic. In the two-statement approach, a traditional income
statement is prepared. It is then followed by a statement of
comprehensive income, which starts with net income or loss and
then adds other comprehensive income or loss items. Regardless of
which approach is reported, income tax expense is required to be
reported.
The computations related to earnings per share are essentially the
same under IFRS and GAAP.
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A Look at IFRS
Key Points
Differences
Under IFRS, the term reserves is used to describe all equity
accounts other than those arising from contributed (paid-in) capital.
This would include, for example, reserves related to retained
earnings, asset revaluations, and fair value differences.
IFRS often uses terms such as retained profits or accumulated profit
or loss to describe retained earnings. The term retained earnings is
also often used.
Equity is given various descriptions under IFRS, such as
shareholders’ equity, owners’ equity, capital and reserves, and share
holders’ funds.
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A Look at IFRS
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A Look at IFRS
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A Look at IFRS
a) accounts payable.
c) retained earnings.
d) preference stock.
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A Look at IFRS
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