Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
of disposal
1
OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION
• Disposal methods
1. Open dumping
2. Sanitary landfill
3. Incineration
4. Composting
• Potential method of disposal
1. Utilization
2. Recovery and recycling
2
DISPOSAL METHODS
3
DISPOSAL METHODS
4
1. OPEN DUMPING
5
2.SANITARY LANDFILL
7
Fig. Sanitary landfill operation[1]
8
3.INCINERATION
9
3.INCINERATION
10
4.COMPOSTING
11
4.COMPOSTING
13
4.COMPOSTING
14
4.COMPOSTING
b. The dano process
• The dano process uses a long rotation drums, called a
biostabilizer unit, for decomposting the refuse, the rotating
drum is inclined so that the waste flows from one end to the
other. The refuse is partially decomposed in the drum and the
outcoming refuse is generally gmfree from odour and
pathogenic organisms. It is then completely decomposed in
windows; the entire operation may take about four weeks
c. The Tollemache Process
• In the tollemache process the refuse is pulverized in a vertical
pulverizer and then passed through a screening plants to screen
out paper and plastic etc. The pulverized-screend refuse is
allowed to decompose in the window for three weeks, with
three to four turnings.
15
4.COMPOSTING
• The decomposed is then cured for four to five weeks, the
complete stabilization this takes about two months
d. The nusoil process
• In the nusoil process, the non-compostible material is
saperated from the refuse which is then pulverized in a
hammer mill. The pulverized matter then goes to a vertical
digester where the decomposition takes place. The digester is a
circular unit having seven sections; the refuse moves
downwards through each sections of the digester. It is kept for
about a day in each section and air flow rate and water
addition are regulated so that decomposition takes place under
optimum condition. The digestion process is completed in
seven days band the resultant compost is satisfactory for direct
field application without the addition of supplimentary
16
nutrients
POTENTIAL METHOD OF DISPOSAL
• Waste paper contains grit, sand, ink, tar, paper clips, plastic
coatings, rubber bands etc. These have to be separated before
paper can be treaded further. Only a small fraction of recycled
paper ends up as virgin paper and, more commonly, used for
printing only a few times because with each recycle the fibres
become somewhat and more frayed with the consequence that
the recycled product is weaker than similar products made
from virgin fibres. The manufacture of paper board is the main
use of waste paper.
• Perhaps the most promising use or reuse of waste paper is the
conversion of the material to energy. It has a high calorific
value, approximately half that of coal and it is not cause air
pollution.
19
POTENTIAL METHOD OF DISPOSAL
b. Glass
• Glass is the perfect product for recycling. It is clean, easy to
reprocess, and can be used in many ways. At present, market
exists in India for almost all of the waste glass which can be
collected. Scrap glass, which is known as cullet, can be used
in each new batch of glass produced.
• However, the main problem in any reuse of glass is its
separation from other materials in the solid waste.
• The typical glass separation methods include froth flotation,
dense media separation, and colour sorting. Waste glass can
be used as an aggregate in asphalt instead of crushed stone.
The finished glasphalt product exposes no jagged edges and
is skid resistant. 20
POTENTIAL METHOD OF DISPOSAL
c. Metals
• Metals can be easily recycled from industrial scrap. The
metals arising as scrap include both ferrous as well as
nonferrous types. The ferrous metals are separated first from
nonferrous metals; this can be achieved magnetically. While
it is a simple matter to separate cast iron and steel, much skill
is needed in the recognition of special steels so that their
scrap may be usefully applied.
• The principal nonferrous metals which are subject to
recycling are aluminium, copper and lead. The methods used
for the recovery of aluminium from solid waste include
gravity separation, electric or magnetic separation, and
chemical or thermal separation 21
POTENTIAL METHOD OF DISPOSAL
22
POTENTIAL METHOD OF DISPOSAL
23
POTENTIAL METHOD OF DISPOSAL
d. Plastics
• In india plastics form a rather small % of the total solid
waste, but their may be increasing at an accelerated pace.
Plastics basically consist of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen but
are bio-degradable. Hence, they remain intact in disposal
operation each as landfills. Many varieties of plastics find
their way into waste disposal but three types – polylefins,
polystyrene and poly vinyl chloride make up more than four-
fifths of the total.
• One possible method plastics is to use it to form in which it
was first manufactured, i.e., By mixing the raw plastic during
the production of new parts. However, there are problems
due to a large number of different grades of material with
each major plastic type, and the grade employed depends on 24
POTENTIAL METHOD OF DISPOSAL
25
REFERENCE
26
THANK YOU
27