Presentation on Interlock and

protection of Turbine & Auxiliaries

BTPS (1x500 MW)

Sumanta Kumar Pal(EE, C&I)

Souvik Datta(EE, C&I)
 Turbine Protection
Sl. No. Description Tripping Value Arming, if any Logic Alarm Remarks

1. Lub Oil Pressure Very Low <1.2 ksc 2/3 <1.4 ksc

2. HPT Exhaust Temp V Hi >500 °C 2/3 >480 °C

3. Axial Shift Very Hi >+1 mm 2/3 >+0.5 mm

<-1 mm <-0.5 mm
4. MFT Operated 2/3
5. HP Casing Top/Bottom Diff Temp >100 °C Load >100 MW 2/3 >90°C turbine
Very Hi(50%) presentation\HPC
Top.jpg
turbine
presentation\HPC
Bot.jpg
6. IP Casing Front Top/Bottom Diff >45 °C Load >100 MW 2/3 >30 °C turbine
Temp Very Hi(50%) presentation\IPC
Top.jpg

7. Bearing Temperature Very Hi >130 °C 2/3 >100 °C turbine

presentation\Brg
Temp.pdf
 Turbine Protection
Sl. No. Description Tripping Value Arming, if any Logic Alarm Remarks

8. Main Steam Temp Very Lo <480 °C MS Temp >525 °C 2/3 <500 °C

(1/3)
9. Condensate Pressure FSP >0.3 ksc Speed >540 rpm 2/3 >0.20 ksc
Pressure (absolute)
10. ATRS Trip

11. EPB operated from HMI

12. EPB operated from UCP

13. Fire Protection(1 &2)

 Fire Protection 1
Immediate Emergency TRIP of the Turbine and
switching off the Control fluid system
SL NO DESCRIPTION REMARKS
1. Turbine Trip
2. SGC HPCF gets ‘OFF’
3. SLC CF heaters gets ‘OFF’
4. SLC HPCF pumps ‘OFF’
5. Control fluid heater ‘OFF’
6. HPCF Pump-1 ‘OFF’
7. HPCF Pump-2 ‘OFF’
8. HPCF recirculation Pump-1 ‘OFF’

9. HPCF recirculation Pump-2 ‘OFF’

10. Vacuum Breaker ‘OPEN’ Turbine speed

> 240 RPM
 Fire Protection 2
Immediate shutdown of the Oil system in addition to
the emergency TRIP of the Turbine and switching off
the Control fluid system
SL NO DESCRIPTION REMARKS
1. Turbine Trip
2. SGC HPCF gets ‘OFF’
3. SLC CF heaters gets ‘OFF’
4. SLC HPCF pumps ‘OFF’
5. Control fluid heater ‘OFF’
6. HPCF Pump-1 ‘OFF’
7. HPCF Pump-2 ‘OFF’
8. HPCF recirculation Pump-1 ‘OFF’

9. HPCF recirculation Pump-2 ‘OFF’

10. Vacuum Breaker ‘OPEN’ Turbine speed

> 240 RPM
 Fire Protection 2
SL NO DESCRIPTION REMARKS
10. SGC oil supply ‘OFF’
11. SLC AOP-1 ‘OFF’
12. SLC AOP-2 ‘OFF’
13. SLC EOP ‘ON’
14. SLC JOP-1 ‘OFF’
15. SLC JOP-3 ‘OFF’
16. SLC Turning Gear ‘OFF’
17. AOP-1 ‘OFF’
18. AOP-2 ‘OFF’
19. EOP ‘ON’
20. JOP-1 ‘OFF’
21. JOP-3 ‘ON’ ‘Protection Start’
 MOT level very low (> 1050 mm from top)

SL NO DESCRIPTION/PERMISSIVE REMARKS
1. Turbine Trip
2. SGC oil supply ‘OFF’  2/3 LOGIC
 ARMING AT TANK LEVEL >1000MM
3. SLC AOP-1 ‘OFF’  RESET AT TURNING GEAR ON
4. SLC AOP-2 ‘OFF’
5. SLC EOP ‘ON’
6. SLC JOP-1 ‘OFF’
7. SLC JOP-3 ‘OFF’
8. SLC Turning Gear ‘OFF’
9. AOP-1 ‘OFF’
10. AOP-2 ‘OFF’
11. EOP ‘ON’
12. JOP-3 ‘ON’ ( ‘Protection Start’)
13. JOP-1 ‘OFF’
 SGC HPCF gets ‘OFF’
SLC CF heaters gets ‘OFF’
SLC HPCF pumps ‘OFF’
FIRE PROTECTION Control fluid heater ‘OFF’
1
HPCF Pump-1 ‘OFF’
HPCF Pump-2 ‘OFF’
HPCF recirculation Pump-1 ‘OFF’
HPCF recirculation Pump-2 ‘OFF’

FIRE PROTECTION SGC oil supply ‘OFF’

2 SLC AOP-1 ‘OFF’
SLC AOP-2 ‘OFF’
SLC EOP ‘ON’
SLC JOP-1 ‘OFF’
SLC JOP-3 ‘OFF’
SLC Turning Gear ‘OFF’
OIL LEVEL VERY AOP-1 ‘OFF’
LOW AOP-2 ‘OFF’
EOP ‘ON’
JOP-1 ‘OFF’
JOP-3 ‘ON’
 Generator Protection
Sl. No. Description Tripping Arming, if any Logic Alarm Time Remarks
Value Delay

1. Seal Oil Temp Very Hi >55 °C 2/3 >50 °C

2. Hot Air Temp after EXCITER >80 °C 2/3 >75 °C

3. Primary water Temp Very >60 °C 2/3 >55 °C

Hi
4. Cold Gas Temp After Cooler >60 °C 2/3 >55 °C turbine
AB Very Hi presentati
5. Cold Gas Temp After Cooler >60 °C 2/3 >55 °C on\Gen
CD Very Hi Cooling.pn
g

6. Liquid Level in Main Lead 2/3 6 alarm points turbine

Top Very High provided presentati
on\LLD.jpg

7. Stator Winding Flow Very <48 m3/hr 2/3 <54 m3/hr 1 min
Lo
 Generator Protection
Sl. No. Description Tripping Value Arming, if any Logic Alarm Time Remarks
Delay

8. Main Bushing ‘R’ Flow Very <1.33 m3/hr 2/3 <1.4 m3/hr 1 min
Lo
9. Main Bushing ’S’ Flow Very <1.33 m3/hr 2/3 <1.4 m3/hr 1 min
Lo
10. Main Bushing ‘T’ Flow Very <1.33 m3/hr 2/3 <1.4 m3/hr 1 min
Lo
11. Gen Electrical Protection 2/3
(Class A)
 Turbine Lub Oil System
AOP# 1 Auto Start:
Sl.No. Description Logic Remarks
1. AOP#1 Auto SLC AOP#1 ON & Lube oil header
start pressure < 4.8 ksc

2. AOP#1 Auto SLC AOP#1 ON & (AOP#2 MCC

start disturbance & AOP#2 OFF)

AOP# 2 Auto Start:

Sl.No. Description Logic Remarks

1. AOP#2 Auto SLC AOP#2 ON & Lube oil header

start pressure < 4.5 ksc

2. AOP#2 Auto SLC AOP#2 ON & (AOP#1 MCC

start disturbance & AOP#1 OFF)
AOP# 1 Auto Stop:
Sl.No. Description Logic Remarks

1. AOP#1 Auto TURBINE SPEED >2850 RPM

stop AND
OIL PRESSURE >8 KSC

AOP# 2 Auto Stop:

Sl.No. Description Logic Remarks

1. AOP#2 Auto TURBINE SPEED >2850 RPM

stop AND
OIL PRESSURE >8 KSC
DC EOP Protection Start:
Sl.No. Description Logic Remarks
1. DC EOP SLC DC EOP ON and Lube oil pressure 2/3 Transmitters
Protn. start after duplex filter< 1.1 ksc
2. DC EOP SLC DC EOP ON and Lube oil pressure<
Protn. start 1.1 ksc
( direct from pressure switch)
3. DC EOP HP outer casing top/bottom metal 1/2 logic in top/bottom
Protn. Start temp.(50%) >120C and lube oil metal temp. >120OC
pressure after duplex filter<1.1 ksc

AC JOP-1 Auto Start/ Stop:

Sl.No. Description Logic Remarks
1. AC JOP Auto SLC AC JOP ON and Turbine speed
start < 510 rpm

2. AC JOP Auto SLC AC JOP ON and Turbine speed

stop > 540 rpm
AC JOP-1 Permit Start:
Sl.No. Description Logic Remarks
1. AC JOP-1 DC JOP OFF feedback
Permit start

DC JOP Auto Start:

Sl.No. Description Logic Remarks
1. DC JOP Auto SLC DC JOP ON
start &
Turbine speed < 510 rpm & Jack Oil Pr<150
ksc (Time Delay 7 sec)
OR
AC JOP-1 Volt fail & Turbine Speed<2800
rpm
Or
AC JOP-1 Trip

DC JOP Permit Start:

Sl.No. Description Logic Remarks
1. DC JOP Permit AC JOP OFF feedback
start
Turning Gear valve permit:

Sl.No. Description Logic Remarks

1. Turning gear v/v Turbine speed > 15 RPM
open permit OR
DP seal oil air to H2 side EE
& TE > 1.2 Ksc & H2 side seal oil
pressure > 7 Ksc.
Turning Gear valve auto open/close logics:
Sl.No. Description Logic Remarks
1. Turning gear v/v SLC Turning gear ON & turbine
auto open speed < 210 RPM
2. Turning gear v/v SLC Turning gear ON & turbine
auto close speed > 240 RPM
Turning Gear valve protection close logics:
Sl.No. Description Logic Remarks
1. Turning gear v/v Turbine lube oil pressure after
protection close duplex filter < 1.2 Ksc
 TURBINE SEAL OIL SYSTEM

AC SOP#1(Air Side):

Sl.No. Description Logic Remarks

1. Permit Start Oil level in SOST > Minimum
2. Permit Stop AC SOP #2 ‘ON’ & its disch. Pr. >4.5 ksc (TON 5 sec)
Or
SLC AC SOP OFF
3. Auto Start SLC AC SOP ‘ON’ & AC SOP # 2 OFF and MCC
disturbance
4. Auto Start SLC AC SOP ‘ON’ & AC SOP# 2 ON and discharge pr.
< 4.5 KSC
AC SOP#2(Air Side):

Sl.No. Description Logic Remarks

1. Permit Start Oil level in SOST > Minimum
2. Permit Stop AC SOP #1 ‘ON’ & its disch. Pr. >4.5 ksc (TON 5 sec)
Or
SLC AC SOP OFF
3. Auto Start SLC AC SOP ‘ON’ & AC SOP # 1 OFF and MCC
disturbance
OR
SLC AC SOP ‘ON’ & AC SOP# 1 ON and its discharge
pr. < 4.5 KSC
DC SOP:
Sl.No Description Logic Remarks
1. Auto Start SLC DC SOP ON Instant start
&
[BOTH AC SOP OFF OR BOTH DISCH PR
<5ksc ] OR [Air side SO/ H2 DP TE/EE < 0.9
ksc (TD 2 s)] OR [SO PS Air Side <2.25 ksc]

2. Permit Stop Any SOP ‘ON’ and its discharge pressure > TD-5 sec
4.5 Kg/cm2 (or) SLC DC SOP off.

3. Protection start Both AC SOPs tripped

SOP H2 SIDE:

Sl. No Description Logic Remarks

1. Permit start Oil level in SOT Not < Minimum & Any AC
SOP(Air Side) ON

2. Protection stop SOT level low OR SO Pressure Air Side < 5 ksc TD-03sec
 TDBFP Protection
Sl. No. Description Tripping Value Arming, if any Logic Alarm Remarks

1. Lub Oil Hdr Pressure Very Low <1.2 ksc 2/3 <1.5 ksc

2. Exhaust Stm Temp V Hi >120°C 2/3 >85 °C

3. Exhaust Stm Press. V Hi >0.6 ksc <0.4 ksc 2/3

4. Axial Shift Very Hi >+0.7 mm 2/3 >+0.5 mm TD=5 sec

<-0.7 mm <-0.5 mm
5. Live Steam Press V. Hi >12.5 ksc 2/3 >10.9 ksc TD= 3 min

6. Control Oil Hdr Press V. Low <4.5 ksc 2/3

7. Eccentricity Very Hi >92 micron 1/2 Speed < 360 rpm

 TDBFP Protection
Sl. No. Description Tripping Value Arming, if any Logic Alarm Remarks

8. G/B O/P Vib. Very Hi > 70 micron 1/2 >50 micron TD =5 sec
9. G/B I/P Vib. Very Hi > 70 micron 1/2 >50 micron TD =5 sec
10. Turbine Overspeed >6012 rpm 2/3 >5523 rpm

11. BFP FJB Vib Very Hi >174 micron 1/2 >119 micron TD = 5 sec
12. BFP RJB Vib Very Hi >174 micron 1/2 >119 micron TD = 5 sec

13. D/A Level Very Lo <-1900 mm 2/3

(Tx+Switch)
14. GB Brg Temp Very Hi >90°C 1/6 >85°C

15. Turbine Brg Temp Very Hi >90°C 1/4 >85°C

16. BP Thrust Brg Temp Very Hi >95°C 1/4 >90°C

17. BP Journal Brg Temp Very Hi >95°C 1/2 >90°C

18. BFP Thrust Brg Temp Very Hi >95°C 1/4 >90°C

 TDBFP Protection
Sl. No. Description Tripping Value Arming, if any Logic Alarm Remarks

19. BFP Journal Brg Temp Very Hi >95°C 1/4 >90°C

20. Suc/Dis Temp Very Hi >15°C 2/3 >10°C TD= 30s
(BFP Working)
21. Suction Flow Low(< 50 T/H) <50 T/H(F.G.) Speed>1500 rpm TD= 10 sec

22. OWS Trip

23. Suction Flow Low(<10 T/H) <10 T/H (F.G.) 2/3 (BFP Working)

24. Suction Valve Not Open

 TDBFP Protection
TDBFP Working

1. Rem. Engage Solenoid Pr.> 5ksc

2. ESV Open LS
3. HP Sec Oil Pr.>1.6 ksc
4. Speed >1500 rpm

TDBFP Not Working

1. Trip Oil Press < 2ksc (2/3 switches)

2. ESV Closed
 TDBFP Protection

Trip Condition Present: Any of the tripping

condition comes or exists & Trip Oil Pressure Not
Very Low provides that a TRIP CONDITION PRESENT.

Turbine Trip: Trip Oil Pressure <2 ksc OR ESV

Closed.
 TDBFP Suction flow vs Speed Function Generator
Curve Characteristics (<50 T/Hr)
450

400

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000
 TDBFP Suction flow vs Speed Function Generator
Curve Characteristics (<10 T/Hr)
400

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000
 TDBFP LUB OIL SYSTEM
LOP# 1 Auto Start:
Sl.No. Description Logic Remarks
1. LOP#1 Auto 1. (LO Hdr Pressure Low(<1.5)or LOP#2
start Disch Press Low) AND
(BFP Working Or LOP#2 ON for 1.5
min)
2. LOP#2 Tripped or Manual Stop

2. LOP#1 Permit 1.TDBFP Not Working

Stop 2. ZERO SPEED & Speed Not Greater
than 10 R.P.M.
3.LO Hdr Pressure or LOP#2 Disch Press
Not Low AND LOP#2 ON.
 TDBFP LUB OIL SYSTEM
LOP# 2 Auto Start:
Sl.No. Description Logic Remarks
1. LOP#2 Auto 1. (LO Hdr Pressure Low(<1.5) or
start LOP#1 Disch Press Low) AND
(BFP Working Or LOP#1 ON for 1.5
min)
2. LOP#1 Tripped or Manual Stop.

2. LOP#2 Permit 1.TDBFP Not Working

Stop 2. ZERO SPEED & Speed Not Greater
than 10 R.P.M.
3.LO Hdr Pressure or LOP#1 Disch Press
Not Low AND LOP#1 ON.
 TDBFP LUB OIL SYSTEM
EOP Auto Start:
Sl.No. Description Logic Remarks
1. EOP Auto SLC EOP ON
start &
1. LO Hdr Pressure V. Lo(<1.2 ksc)(DCS)
2. LO Hdr Pressure V. Lo(Direct from P.S.)
3. Both LOP s OFF.
2. EOP Auto SLC EOP ON
Stop &
1. LOP# 1 ON
2. LOP#2 ON
3. Turbine Speed <10 rpm
&
LO Hdr Pressure Not V. Lo(DCS)
JOP
Sl.No. Description Logic Remarks
1. JOP Auto Turbine Speed <510 R.P.M.
Start
2. JOP Auto Turbine Speed >540 R.P.M.
Stop
3. JOP Permit Zero Speed
Stop &
Speed <10 R.P.M.
 PRIMARY WATER SYSTEM
Primary water Pump:
Sl.No. Description Logic Remarks
1. Permit to Primary Water Tank Level >155 mmWC
Start
2. Permit to 1.SLC Pumps OFF
Stop OR
2. Other Pump ON & Pr. After Running Pp > 5 ksc
3. Auto SLC Pumps ON
Command &
Start (Other Pp Off ) Or (Other Pump Trip) Or (Other Pp
ON & Pr after Running Pp<5 ksc)
 PRIMARY WATER SYSTEM
NaOH Dosing Pump:
Sl.No. Description Logic Remarks
1. Permit to NaOH Tank Level Not Less than Min Both Switches
Start &
Primary Water Flow Not Min
2. Auto 1.Conductivity after Main filter <1.75 uS/cm
Command &
Start 2. Conductivity after Ion exchanger <1 uS/cm
&
3. Any Primary Water Pp running(flow > 30T/H)
3. Auto 1.Conductivity after Main filter >3 uS/cm
Command OR
Stop 2. Conductivity after Ion exchanger >4 uS/cm
OR
3. NaoH level < Min
4. Protection 1. Treated Water flow < Min
Stop OR
2. NaoH Pp Command On or FB On > 3 min.
 HP EVACUATION VALVE
Sl.No. Description Logic Remarks

1. Auto 1. Turbine Speed < 2000 R.P.M.

Command OR
Close 2. Load > 10MW
OR
3. Cond. Press >0.6 (Vacuum Trip)

2. Protection 1. Turbine Tripped Arming : Load > 25

Open OR MW
2. Load < 10 MW
OR
3. Cond. Vacuum < 0.6 ksc (No Vacuum trip)
 VACUUM BREAKER
Sl.No. Description Logic Remarks
1. Auto Close SGC Evacuation (Step 2)

2. Auto 1.Speed > 240 RPM & Fire Prot. 1 / 2 Optd.

Command OR
Open 2. Turbine Tripped & SLC Vacuum Breaker ON &
Turbine Speed >240 RPM
OR
3. SGC Evacuation S/D(Step 52)
3. Permit Open X (<0) Set Point Characteristic
Open Curve With Turbine
Speed(>1200 RPM)

4. Protection Y (>0) Set Point Characteristic

Close Close Curve With Turbine
Speed(>1200 RPM)
 LPBP Protection
Sl. No. Description Tripping Value Logic Remarks

1. Condenser Wall Temp Responded <90 °C 1/2

2. LPBP Condenser Prot Acted >0.6 ksc (absolute) 2/3

3. HPSU Emergency Off Arming disabled:

LPBP Reset OR
Pos. Set point < -40%
4. HPSU Header Press Too Low
5. LPBP Trip operated from UCB

6. ALL CW Pumps OFF

7. Water Injection flow Optd. Function Generated 1.Arming disabled:

Set Point Pos. Set point < -40%;
2.TON =3.2 s
 LPBP Protection

Water Injection Flow Trip Set Point:

Max. Pressure After LPBP 1/2 generates a Water Injection flow Value from
a predefined Function Generator. The difference with the actual
Condenser Vacuum is monitored and generates a Trip Signal for LPBP
Protection.
Thank you