ATP Structure

Formation of ATP via the Breakdown of PC

Formation of ATP via Anaerobic Glycolysis
Formation of ATP via Oxidative Phosphorylation
 Time Course for the Contribution of Different Energy Systems
(Gleim, Anaerobic Testing and Evaluation, Med Exerc Nutr Health 1993;2:27-35)
 Duration Classification Energy Supplied By

1-4 seconds Anaerobic ATP (in muscles)

4-20 seconds Anaerobic ATP + PC

20-45 seconds Anaerobic ATP + PC + Muscle glycogen

45-120 seconds Anaerobic, lactic Muscle glycogen

Aerobic +
120-140 seconds Muscle glycogen + lactic acid
anaerobic

240-600 seconds Aerobic Muscle glycogen + fatty acids

Fuel Sources for Energy Production

Effect of Exercise Duration on Muscle Fuel Source
 Intensity % Carbohydrate % Fat
(% MHR)

65 – 70 40 60
70 – 75 50 50
75 – 80 65 35
80 – 85 80 20
85 – 90 90 10
90 – 95 95 5
100 100 0

Contribution of CHO and Fat in Exercises of Varying Intensities

Illustration of the “Crossover” Concept
Effect of Exercise Intensity on Muscle Fuel Source
 Primary Fuel Source/Running Speed
© 1996-2000 Nicholas Institute for Sports Medicine and Athletic Trauma.
 Decline in Speed Over Distance
© 1996-2000 Nicholas Institute for Sports Medicine and Athletic Trauma.
 8% 2% 2%
6% 26%

13% 13% Berjala

Lari pe
Denga

43%

Basic Movements Performed/Distance Covered

 Posisi Lari pecut Lari pantas Lari anak Berjalan
Fullbacks 6% 17% 41% 36%

Outside backs 10% 20% 41% 29%

Midfielder 11% 20% 38% 31%

Forwards 13% 23% 35% 29%

Peratusan jenis pergerakan berdasarkan posisi pemain

 Duration of Play/Goals Scored
© 2002 http://www.soccerconditioning.net
 Evolution of playing time in the 90’s
© 2002 http://www.soccerconditioning.net
© 1996-2002 The Nicholas Institute of Sports Medicine and Athletic Trauma
© 1996-2002 The Nicholas Institute of Sports Medicine and Athletic Trauma
© 1996-2002 The Nicholas Institute of Sports Medicine and Athletic Trauma
 VO2max

Relationship between Exercise Intensity and VO2max

© 2001 SportsFitnessAdvisor.com
Anaerobic Threshold and VO2max
© 2001 SportsFitnessAdvisor.com
Identification of the Lactate Threshold
 VO2max range 45 to 64 ml.kg-1.min-1

Mean VO2max 53.1 ml.kg-1.min-1

Defenders 54.6 ml.kg-1.min-1

Midfielders 50.7 ml.kg-1.min-1

Forwards 55.0 ml.kg-1.min-1

VO2max values for Malaysian National Soccer Players (2000)

 Sistem Tenaga Sistem Anaerobik Sistem Laktat Sistem Aerobik
Nutrien utama Phosfokreatin (PC) ATP (Adenosina Glukosa (Glikogen) Glukosa (Glikogen) Lemak
trifosfat)
Ketersediaan Sangat terhad Sangat terhad Terhad kepada Terhad kepada ketersediaan Tidak terhad
ketiadaan O2 O2
Penstoran 16 mmol/kg otot 5mmols/kg otot 400 g dalam otot 400 g dalam otot (glikogen) 15 kg trigliserida dalam
(glikogen) + 100 g + 100 g dalam hepar sel lemak dan otot
dalam hepar (fruktosa)
(fruktosa)
Penyusutan 60% in 2 saat Tidak > 60 % Kepekatan glukosa Kepekatan glukosa darah Sumber tenaga utama
daripada jumlah darah menurun menurun selepas 90 minit selepas 35 minit.
asal selepas 90 minit Sebelum itu
memerlukan
pengambilan O2 yang
mencukupi
Penggantian 100% dalam masa 100% dalam 100 % dalam 24 Kepekatan glukosa darah Bergantung kepada diet
8 minit masa 3 hingga jam (Sekiranya menurun selepas 90 minit
5 minit pengambilan
karbohidrat
mencukupi)
Jangkamasa 6 – 8 saat 8 saat hingga 2-3 > 3 minit. Tahap mantap dicapai selepas 6-7 minit
minit
Sumbangan 20 % 20 % 30 % 30 %
tenaga
Jenis Mula, pecut jarak dekat, tendangan, Pecut jarak Rehat (mula kembali, kecederaan), berjalan, lari anak,
pergerakan gelecek, menanduk, gerakan ringkas sederhana, kembali ke posisi dan lari intensiti sederhana
berintensiti tinggi Kombinasi larian (penyerang dan pertahanan)
jarak jauh dan
intensiti tinggi
Tahap kerja 16 % 20 % 64 %
The Oxygen Deficit
Differences in VO2 Between Trained and Untrained Subjects
Oxygen Deficit and Debt During Light-Moderate and Heavy Exercise