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Indian Telecom Industry – An Overview

Market Structure

 Divided into 22 circles


Jammu &

 4 metros
Kashmir

Himachal
Pradesh

 19 circles Punjab
Uttar North Eastern
Haryana Pradesh States

– Further divided into A, B and DELHI


W

Rajasthan
C category based on
Uttar Pradesh E

Bihar

economic parameters and Gujarat Madhya


Pradesh
West
Bengal

revenue potential Maharashtra


Orissa KOLKATA

 Each circle has a licenses MUMBAI

Andhra
Pradesh

 Four operators per circle are Karnataka


METRO Circles

allowed CHENNAI
A Circles

 Licenses are saleable


Tamil Nadu
B Circles
Kerala

C Circles

2 Source :COAI
Current Industry Structure
Ministry of Communication & Information Technology

Licensor
Dept of Telecom Unified License Operators

Fixed Line Operators


Regulator
Telecom Regulatory National Long Distance Operators
Authority of India CDMA
International Long Distance
1800Mh
Judiciary Operators
z
Telecom Dispute
Wireless Operators
Settlement Appellate
Tribunal GSM
FDI in telecom recently revised to 74%. 900 &
3
1800
Government gets 15% of revenues from Unified Licensing
Policy Environment

 Broad guidelines of the National Telecom Policy 1999


 Licence fees on revenue sharing basis
 Unified licensing regime introduced in 2003
 Targets a 7% teledensity by 2005 and 15% by 2010
– Rural teledensity targeted at 4% by 2010
 Universal Service Obligation (USO) replaced with
contribution to the Universal Service Fund (USF)
 Calling Party Pays (CPP) regime
 Incoming calls free
 Outgoing calls - multi-level tariffs

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Technologies
3
G No Licences Issued yet

Mobile technologies
CDMA
MMS 2000 1X

GPRS
2.5
G

GSM SMS WAP

2
G
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Recent evolving technologies
corDECT- Fixed wireless voice & data
 DSL, ADSL - Broadband
5 VSAT - Satellite Source :COAI
Current Statistics
45
41.62 42.84
39.18
40

35 32.97
33.6

30
26.79
No of subscribers (Million)

25
21.63

20

15
17.8 Mobile Telephony on a fast track
13

10 6.56

5 3.58
1.2 1.88
0.88
0
9

4
8

3
-9

-9

-0

-0

-0

-0

-0
ar

ar

ar

ar

ar

ar
ar
M

M
6 Mobile Subscribers Wireline Subscribers
Teledensity Levels
20 19.7
 Urban Telephony surpasses targets
18

16  Rural left far behind 14.3


14 12.2
Teledensity (%)

12 10.4
10
8.2
8 7.0
6.9
5.8
4.8 5.1
6 4.3
4 3.6
2.9
4 2.3
1.6 1.9 1.5
1.3 1.2 1.7
2 0.7 0.9
0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5
0
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
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Rural Urban Total
Rural India
 India has a 700 million people  As per DoT statistics
living in 638,000 villages 500,000 villages
 per-capita income of $ 0.40 per have telephone
day) access.
 However,
120 teledensity patterns
102.1
135 million rural reveal the low
Number of HH in millions

100

80 households penetration of
60

40
communication
20
17
10 services
3.9 1.9 1 0.3 0.3
0 The question is : Is
60 180 260 360 520 840 1300 2240
HH Incom e in $ per m onth
connectivity relevant to the
rural populace of India?
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Connectivity
 Subscriber growth in Indian telecom has largely been driven by voice
services
 SMS is the most popular data service
 Internet is catching on in popularity driven by broadband players
 As per the TRAI consulting papers, data is likely to be the growth driver
in future
 Rural telephony is expected to be driven by data than voice
– Data services would provide essential services like education and healthcare
– But primarily demand would be driven by growth in the rural economy
– There exist 40 different projects in rural ICT

 The key question, however, is are these efforts scalable?

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Scalability….

…...Requires
 Technology/Connectivity
 Business Model
 Organisation focussed on rural markets

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Connecting India’s 638,000 villages

 BSNL (state owned incumbent operator) has


fibre connectivity to most County towns
o and fibre has almost infinite bandwidth capacity

 85% of villages within 15-20 Km radius of these taluka


towns
o In India, typically 300 villages in 30 Km radius
300 villages

 wireless systems can connect


most of these villages
 wireless technologies are
continuously evolving

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Last Mile Access Technologies

 CorDECT Wireless in Local Loop


o provides a telephone line and 35/70 kbps Internet connection in a 30 Km radius
o Exchange and tower in town
o Works at 55? C
o Power requirement: 1 KW
o start-up costs very low ($ 200 per line)

 VSAT Technology
o Satellite connectivity
o provides a shared 128 kbps connection
o Start up costs are high ($3200 per connection)

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Business Model
 Entrepreneur-driven operator assisted telephone booths (STD PCOs)
introduced in India in 1987
 Today in urban areas:
– 950,000 such PCOs covering every street of smallest town
– generate 25 % of total telecom income
– 300 million people use these PCOs
 Lessons for Rural Connectivity
 To serve the telecom needs of rural people with incomes < $ 1 per day,
aggregate demand and allow an entrepreneur to run it.
 Business Model
 Aggregate demand to a village internet centre to provide voice/computer
and internet services
 Allow a local village entrepreneur to run it
 Create an organisation to provide the connectivity and content linkages
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Business Models
B u s in e s s M o d e l
D e m a n d a g g re g a tio n th ro u g h c o m m u n ity in te rn e t c e n tre s

P ro fit O rie n te d N o t f o r P ro f it

M a rk e t D riv e n C o s t D riv e n N G O d riv e n G o v e r n m e n t P r o je c ts

n -L o g u e I T C 's e -C h o u p a l M SSR F A ksh aya


D ris h te e Bhoom i
T a ra h a a t e -Se va

 Are primarily  Focussed on  Provide  E-government


service providers Direct marine and services are the
 Revenues are procurement of agriculture primary drivers
driven by agri-commodities services
connectivity and from farmers
content services  No revenue
provided model.Earnings
are from savings
in procurement
costs

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N-Logue’s Business Model
Application &
Solution Providers

 Provides Training and Technical Support


Internet Backbone  Handles Licensing and Policy issues
 Provides Internet Backbone Connectivity
 Enables Kiosk Services through Alliance Partners
 Creates Awareness

 Markets Connections
 Provides Onsite Support and Training
 Manages Local Web & Email Services
 School/PHC  Manages Local Content Pages
 Private Business
 Government Office
 Rural NGO ACCESS
CENTRE
Scope:
Local Service Partner 3000 sq km
400-600 connections
(1 in each village)

 Provides Internet Access to Local Community


 Provides Awareness and Training
 Channels Information needs of Community through LSP to
Application & Content Providers
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Financing
Internet Kiosk Operator
Key Learnings

 The primary mechanism of service delivery has been the


community internet centre. Demand aggregation is seen as
the right approach across the board
 The largest rural services companies (n-Logue and e-
Choupal) are both profit driven entities.
 Profitability drives sustainability
 Bandwidth is a constraint to drive relevant content services
 Cost of bandwidth as well as spectrum charges are very high

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Key Policy Initiatives Being Considered
 Niche Operator/Rural Service Provider
A new operator in rural areas with a teledensity of <1%
Would be allowed to offer voice and data services
License fee and spectrum fees would be waived
Will annually pay 6% of gross revenues as licence fee
No clarity on support from USF
This policy is awaited keenly to boost rural communication services
 NEGAP
Envisages government setting up a network of internet centres
The general feeling is that the government is much better as a fiscal
facilitator than a service provider.

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