Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Market Structure
4 metros
Kashmir
Himachal
Pradesh
19 circles Punjab
Uttar North Eastern
Haryana Pradesh States
Rajasthan
C category based on
Uttar Pradesh E
Bihar
Andhra
Pradesh
allowed CHENNAI
A Circles
C Circles
2 Source :COAI
Current Industry Structure
Ministry of Communication & Information Technology
Licensor
Dept of Telecom Unified License Operators
4
Technologies
3
G No Licences Issued yet
Mobile technologies
CDMA
MMS 2000 1X
GPRS
2.5
G
2
G
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Recent evolving technologies
corDECT- Fixed wireless voice & data
DSL, ADSL - Broadband
5 VSAT - Satellite Source :COAI
Current Statistics
45
41.62 42.84
39.18
40
35 32.97
33.6
30
26.79
No of subscribers (Million)
25
21.63
20
15
17.8 Mobile Telephony on a fast track
13
10 6.56
5 3.58
1.2 1.88
0.88
0
9
4
8
3
-9
-9
-0
-0
-0
-0
-0
ar
ar
ar
ar
ar
ar
ar
M
M
6 Mobile Subscribers Wireline Subscribers
Teledensity Levels
20 19.7
Urban Telephony surpasses targets
18
12 10.4
10
8.2
8 7.0
6.9
5.8
4.8 5.1
6 4.3
4 3.6
2.9
4 2.3
1.6 1.9 1.5
1.3 1.2 1.7
2 0.7 0.9
0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5
0
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
7
Rural Urban Total
Rural India
India has a 700 million people As per DoT statistics
living in 638,000 villages 500,000 villages
per-capita income of $ 0.40 per have telephone
day) access.
However,
120 teledensity patterns
102.1
135 million rural reveal the low
Number of HH in millions
100
80 households penetration of
60
40
communication
20
17
10 services
3.9 1.9 1 0.3 0.3
0 The question is : Is
60 180 260 360 520 840 1300 2240
HH Incom e in $ per m onth
connectivity relevant to the
rural populace of India?
8
Connectivity
Subscriber growth in Indian telecom has largely been driven by voice
services
SMS is the most popular data service
Internet is catching on in popularity driven by broadband players
As per the TRAI consulting papers, data is likely to be the growth driver
in future
Rural telephony is expected to be driven by data than voice
– Data services would provide essential services like education and healthcare
– But primarily demand would be driven by growth in the rural economy
– There exist 40 different projects in rural ICT
9
Scalability….
…...Requires
Technology/Connectivity
Business Model
Organisation focussed on rural markets
10
Connecting India’s 638,000 villages
11
Last Mile Access Technologies
VSAT Technology
o Satellite connectivity
o provides a shared 128 kbps connection
o Start up costs are high ($3200 per connection)
12
Business Model
Entrepreneur-driven operator assisted telephone booths (STD PCOs)
introduced in India in 1987
Today in urban areas:
– 950,000 such PCOs covering every street of smallest town
– generate 25 % of total telecom income
– 300 million people use these PCOs
Lessons for Rural Connectivity
To serve the telecom needs of rural people with incomes < $ 1 per day,
aggregate demand and allow an entrepreneur to run it.
Business Model
Aggregate demand to a village internet centre to provide voice/computer
and internet services
Allow a local village entrepreneur to run it
Create an organisation to provide the connectivity and content linkages
13
Business Models
B u s in e s s M o d e l
D e m a n d a g g re g a tio n th ro u g h c o m m u n ity in te rn e t c e n tre s
P ro fit O rie n te d N o t f o r P ro f it
14
N-Logue’s Business Model
Application &
Solution Providers
Markets Connections
Provides Onsite Support and Training
Manages Local Web & Email Services
School/PHC Manages Local Content Pages
Private Business
Government Office
Rural NGO ACCESS
CENTRE
Scope:
Local Service Partner 3000 sq km
400-600 connections
(1 in each village)
16
Key Policy Initiatives Being Considered
Niche Operator/Rural Service Provider
A new operator in rural areas with a teledensity of <1%
Would be allowed to offer voice and data services
License fee and spectrum fees would be waived
Will annually pay 6% of gross revenues as licence fee
No clarity on support from USF
This policy is awaited keenly to boost rural communication services
NEGAP
Envisages government setting up a network of internet centres
The general feeling is that the government is much better as a fiscal
facilitator than a service provider.
17