7.

1 RESPIRATion
BY ANA NURNASUHA & IRINA KESUMA.
 ENERGY.
Why?

1.Contract muscles for movement

2.Build new cells for their growth and
development
3.Send messages along the nerves
4.Absorb digested food through active transport
5.Produce organic molecules (such as
carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and enzymes)
 Respiration.
Occurs in two stages:
 External Respiration (Breathing)

A mechanical process of taking in air into

the lungs and vise versa.

Internal Respiration (Cellular Respiration)

The biochemical process which occurs in
living cells to release energy in the form of
ATP
 GLUCOSE.

The main food for respiration.

Obtained from:

a)Photosynthesis in green plants

b) The digestion of carbohydrates in
man and animals
 CELLULAR RESPIRATION.

 The process of oxidizing glucose

molecules to carbon dioxide, water and
energy in the form of ATP
 The oxidation of glucose during respiration
takes place in the mitochondria and
cytoplasm of cells
 Two types of cellular respiration:
a)Aerobic respiration (require oxygen)
b)Anaerobic respiration (not require oxygen)
 AEROBIC RESPIRATION.

 Chemical equation (aerobic respiration)

 Occurs in the muscle

 Most of the chemical energy released is stored
in the form of ATP
 The energy is used to combine ADP with
inorganic phosphate to produce ATP molecules
 ADP + Phosphate + Energy ATP

When cells require energy, ATP molecules can

be easily broken down to ADP and inorganic
phosphate to supply the energy

ATP ADP + Phosphate + Energy

energy released
ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION.

1. During vigorous physical activities, the

body is using ATP more quickly than the
lungs and circulatory system can deliver
oxygen to the cells for cellular respiration
2. To overcome this situation, the cells
undergo anaerobic respiration to continue
to generate ATP without utilizing oxygen
3. Takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell
ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION (HUMAN
MUSCLES)
The muscles soon use up all the available
oxygen during prolonged physical activities
The breathing and heartbeat rates are
increased to supply more oxygen to the
muscles
The muscle cells undergo anaerobic
respiration to produce the extra energy
  The glucose molecules are broken down
partially into intermediate substance called
lactic acid
 The
energy released is much less due to
incomplete breakdown of glucose. Most of the
energy is still trapped within the molecules of
lactic acid
 Forevery glucose molecule, only 2ATP or 150
kJ of energy generates compared to 38 ATP or
2889 kJ energy generates in aerobic respiration
 Lactid acid concentration continues to increase
in cramps and finally become high enough to
cause muscle cramps and fatigue
 The person needs to rest and recover by doing
fast and deep breathing.
 Lactid acid is removed from the muscles and
sent to the liver via blood vessels
 In the liver, extra oxgen is used to oxidise the
lactic acid to water, carbon doxide and energy
  Thus, the oxygen demand is the
amount of oxygen needed to recover
the lactic acid. The oxygen debt is paid
off when all of the lactic acid eliminated

Lactic acid + oxygen carbon dioxide

+ water + energy
Anaerobic respiration (yeast)

 Produces energy (fermentation)

 Catalysed by the enzyme zymase

 Ethanol can be used in wine and beer

production
 Carbon dioxide causes the dough to rise