Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
N. Sivakugan
Duration = 10 minutes
1
Copyright©2001
What is compaction?
Compactive
effort
+ water =
2
SIVA
Copyright©2001
Compaction Curve
Dry density (ρ d)
ρ d,
- low permeability
max
optimum
water content Water content 3
SIVA
Copyright©2001
Compaction Curve
What happens to the relative quantities of
the three phases with addition of water?
air
water
Dry density (ρ d)
soil
difficult to
expel all air
lowest void
ratio and
highest dry
density at
optimum w 4
SIVA Water content
Copyright©2001
Water content 5
SIVA
Copyright©2001
Increasing compactive
effort results in:
Lower optimum
water content
E2 (>E1) Higher maximum
dry density
E1
Water content 6
SIVA
Copyright©2001
Compaction and Clay
Fabric
Dry density (ρ d)
Water content 7
SIVA
Copyright©2001
Line of Optimum
Dry density (ρ d)
Compaction
curves for
different efforts
Line of
optimum
Water content 8
SIVA
Copyright©2001
Filed Compaction
Different types of rollers (clockwise
from right):
Smooth-wheel
roller
Vibratory
roller
Pneumatic rubber tired roller
Sheepsfoot
roller
SIVA
Copyright©2001
Field Compaction
Smooth Wheeled Roller
Field Compaction
Vibrating Plates
Field Compaction
Sheepsfoot
Roller
Field Compaction
Impact Roller
Compaction Control
-a systematic exercise where you check
at regular intervals whether the
compaction was done to specifications.
Test
- to obtain the compaction curve and define the
optimum water content and maximum dry density for a
specific compactive effort.
compacted ground
16
SIVA
Copyright©2001
Dynamic Compaction
- pounding the ground by a heavy weight
Suitable for granular soils, land fills and
karst terrain with sink holes.
solution
Pounder (Tamper) cavities in
limestone
SIVA
Copyright©2001
Dynamic Compaction
Pounder (Tamper)
Mass = 5-30 tonne
Drop = 10-30 m
SIVA
Copyright©2001
Dynamic Compaction
SIVA
Copyright©2001
Vibroflotation
Suitable for granular soils
Practiced in several forms:
vibro–compaction
stone columns
vibro-replacement
SIVA
Copyright©2001
Vibroflotation
SIVA
Copyright©2001
Vibroflotation
SIVA
Copyright©2001
Vibroflotation
SIVA
Copyright©2001
Vibroflotation
SIVA
Copyright©2001
Vibroflotation
SIVA
Copyright©2001
Stone Columns
Blasting
For densifying granular soils
28
SIVA
Copyright©2001
Earthmoving Equipment
David and
Goliath?
Earthmoving Equipment
Earthmoving Equipment
Earthmoving Equipment
Loader
32
SIVA
Copyright©2001
Earthmoving Equipment
Backhoe
33
SIVA
Copyright©2001
Earthmoving Equipment
Earthmoving Equipment
Rock Breaker
35
SIVA