PRINCIPLES OF TEACHING

Principle
is accepted as fundamental truth, it may
considered a comprehensive law, a doctrine, a
policy or a deep-seated belief which governs
the conduct of various types of human
endeavor.
 The term principle has been adopted from the
Latin word “princeps”, which means the
beginning or the end of all things. - The Early
Greeks used the term principles not only to
express the origin of things but also to express
their fundamental laws, and to put out the
ultimate objectives. - Principles are sometimes
the success and causes from which things
proceed, as for instance the visible universe. –
 Principles are important for the
governing of actions and to operation
of techniques in any field of
education.
 True principles explain educational
processes. They show how things are
done and how educational results are
achieved.
 PRINCIPLES OF TEACHING
 The TeacherAs the MasterTeacher
Attributes
a. Responsibility to firm society
b. Cultivation of dedicated mind, the
heart and the soul of the youth
c. To love the beauty ,goodness and
truth
 TEACHING PRINCIPLES
They are guides to make teaching and learning effective,
wholesome and meaningful.
Webster, says a principle is a comprehensive law or doctrine
which an accepted or professed rule of action or conduct is
derived.
Latin word princeps- which means the beginning or the end of all
facts, circumstances or state of affairs.
It has Five Areas to consider:

 1. Respect for individual

 2. Democracy, as a way of life
 3. Providing suitable condition for the development
and maintenance of a sound personality
 4. Improving group living in the classroom
 5. Improving the classroom environment
Respect for the individual It explains the
respect for self –confidence and
intellectual, and emotional integrity of the
individual. Expressions such as:
a. Learning by doing
b. Understanding before memorizing. Have
become a principle as well as theory of
today.
PROFESSIONAL QUALITIES
 1. MASTERY OF THE SUBJECT MATTER
Subject • First essential requisite matter Subject • Thorough grasp of the
subject matter • Keep abreast and keep up with Subject matter new and
updated trends
 2. UNDERSTANDING THE LEARNER • Knowledge on the nature of children.
understand • Know the different levels of understand intellectual and
emotional maturity. • Genuine concern and sincere love understand for the
children.
 3. UNDERSTANDING THE PRINCIPLES AND METHODS OF TEACHING Principles
and • Know what to teach(Subject matter). methods Principles and • Know
how to teach( Method). methods • Psychology of learning and how to sustain
Principles and interest and individual differences. methods
PROFESSIONAL QUALITIES
 4.GENERAL UNDERSTANDING OF OTHER
BRANCHES/FIELD OF KNOWLEDGE • Know how to
relate the General subject to other subjects.
understanding • Broad understanding of General all
field of interests. understanding
 5. TAKING PRIDE OF TEACHING AS A PROFESSION •
Positive outlook in life Teaching as a profession and
good attitude. • Understand your task Teaching as a
profession and responsibility.
The Learner
The learner is an embodied spirit. He is a union of a
sentient body and a rational soul. His body
experiences sensations and feels pleasure and pain.
His soul is the principle of spiritual acts, the source
of intellectual abstraction, self reflection, and free
rational volition. Body and soul exist in mutual
dependence. Let us feed the body as well as his
spirit. “ Man does not live by bread alone”.
 Equipped with cognitive as well as appetitive faculties.
 a.
cognitive- five senses- able to see, smell, hear, touch
and taste.
 b.
Imagination- able to form representations of material
objects which are not present to their senses.
 c.
Memory- able to retain, recall and recognize past
mental acts.
 d.Intellect-can form concept or ideas, and makes
judgment
 The Learner Appetitive – are his feelings, emotions and
rational will. The pain and joy of an object or an activity . It is
indicated through the character of an individual. Five
elements:1. Ability- it determines their capacity to understand
and assimilate information for their own use and application.
Categorized into:
 a. Physical-fast, average and slow achievers.
 b. Mental- superior, above average and below average.
 Aptitude- refers to the student’s innate talent or gift. A natural
capacity to learn certain skills.
 Interest- refers to attraction or strong appeal for something.
Lessons that give them the chance to express their deep feelings
for objects or actions will be more meaningful and easily
absorbed.
 Family and Cultural Background- student s who come from
different socioeconomic background manifest a wide range of
behaviour due to differences in upbringing practices.
 Attitudes – students have a unique way of thinking and reacting. Positive
attitudes are:
a. Curiosity- students are all times eager to learn.
b. Responsibility- they pursue assigned task to completion despite
personal constraints. Accountable to their actions and decisions.
c. Creativity- being imaginative they can think of new ways of arriving
at solutions to their problems. They can innovate procedures and
techniques.
Persistence- students sustain interest in a
learning activity not mindful of the extra
time and effort being spent. Basic example
to this is: Gardner’s Multiple Intelligence
Theory
Intelligence as Disposition
 Intelligence as Disposition
 Disposition intelligence Sensitive to:Verbal linguistic Sounds,
meanings, structures and styles of language
 Logical- Mathematical Patterns, numbers and numerical data,
causes and effects, objective and quantitative reasoning
 Spatial Intelligence Colors, shapes, visual, puzzles, symmetry,
lines, images
 Bodily -Kenisthetic Touch, movement, physical self, athleticism
 Musical Intelligence Tone, beat, tempo, melody, pitch, sound
The Learning Environment
It consists of the physical, as well as the
psychological environment, that surrounds
the learner and that influences his/her
learning.• It is the classroom and all the
instructional features and the non-
threatening classroom climate needed in
planning and implementing all teaching
and learning activities.
 1.Arrangement of Furniture The furniture, like the table for
demonstrations located in front of the room and the chairs facing it are
neatly arranged with sufficient spaces in- between for ease in moving
around. Display shelves for safekeeping of projects, collections, and
outstanding outwork are located at the sides. Attached to the wall is a
bulletin board and in front is the white board or blackboard used for
discussion and illustrations related to the lessons.
 2. Physical Condition of the Classroom1) it must be clean and orderly2)
one or two frames , create a pleasant and inviting aura.
 3) Natural light and flowing fresh air add to their comfort and ease as they
tackle the learning tasks.
 4) Free from noise coming from the surroundings, students’ concentration
and interest are easily sustained.
 5) The doors and windows could be opened and closed with less difficulty
and noise with light fixtures that could easily be found.
 THE LEARNING ENVIRONMENT: A FACILITATIVE
LEARNING ENVIRONMENT (PINE AND HORNE)

 It is an environment:
 a. which encourages people to be active.
 b. which promotes and facilitates the individual’s discovery
of the personal meaning of idea.
 c.which emphasizes the uniquely personal and subjective
nature of learning, in which difference is good and desirable.
 d.which consistently recognizes people’s right to make
mistakes.
 e. which tolerates ambiguity.
 f. in which evaluation is a cooperative process with emphasis on
self- evaluation.
 g. which encourages openness of self rather than concealment of
self.
 h. in which people are encouraged to trust themselves as well as
in external sources.
 i. in which people feel they are respected.
 j. in which people feel they are accepted.
 k. which permits confrontation. a place therefore where people
feel they are respected and accepted for who they are and for
what they say and do is a conducive atmosphere of learning.
EFFECTIVE BULLETIN BOARDS
• Don’t be afraid to express yourself when
it comes to your bulletin boards. Spice up
your room by trying a different approach to
look. Take pictures of the students and
school activities and post them. Use
wrapping paper, cloth, or lace for the
background. Use it as a “message center”
for your students. Post assignments.
 Use3-D items such as cornstalks or toy spaceships to
accent a theme. Color,color,color Make your own cut-
outs using copies from a book or the computer. You
can trace them onto the bulletin board with the help
of an overhead projector. Use twisted brown butcher
paper to make a vine- like border. Be creative and
have fun!
 Democracy as a way of life.
One of the major goals of education in the Philippines is to foster,
promote and develop democracy as a way of life. It implies:
a. Respect for potentialities of individual
b. Obligation of each individual to contribute to the welfare of the
group of which he is a member.
c. Participation in experience which will foster social, economic,
intellectual, and physical growth
d. Right of every individual to make a choice commensurate with his
intellectual capacity and maturity.
 Providing suitable conditions

Itmeans that school life is of great

importance in determining the present and
the future mental health and strength of
personality of the learner. It includes
therefore, the objectives of education and
the learning materials and various methods
being utilized.
 IMPROVING GROUP LIVING
It means that, a teacher should understand
what group dynamics is all about and what
techniques must be used intelligently for
group leadership. Lastly , in Improving the
Classroom Environment. Teacher should see
to it that the physical environment of his
classroom will provide a maximum degree of
best condition conducive to learning.
Learning is an experience which
occurs inside the learner and is
activated by the learner. The
process of learning is primarily
controlled by the learner and not
by the teacher.
It is a discovery of the personal
meaning and relevance of ideas.
Students more readily internalize
and implement concepts and ideas
which are relevant to their needs
and problems.
Learning (Behavioral Change) is a
consequence of experience. If
experience is the best teacher, then
teacher should make use of experiential
learning
Learning is a cooperative and
collaborative process. “Two heads are
better than one” and cooperation
fosters learning.
Learning is an evolutionary process.
Behavioral change requires time and
patience. Things that are worthwhile in life
take time.