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ENDODONTIC
MATERIALS
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What are Endodontic Materials?
Used to obturate the root canal system
of teeth when the pulp tissue has been
destroyed either as a consequence of
trauma or subsequent to tooth decay
involving the pulp and
infection of the pulp tissue.
OBJECTIVES OF ROOT CANAL
TREATMENT
1. The root canals are to be cleaned and shaped
within 0.5mm of the apical constriction area
2. The canals are to be obturated three
dimensionally with a combination of
biocompatible materials
3. The obturated root canals are to be provided with
a coronal seal to prevent leakage and infection
Materials Used During
Endodontics
1. IRRIGANTS AND LUBRICANTS: Used during canal preparation
2. INTRACANAL MEDICAMENTS: Materials placed within the canal between
clinical visits to maintain the canal in a disinfected state
3. OBTURATING MATERIALS: The bulk fill material and sealant used during canal
obturation.
4. Used during endodontic surgery and repair of internal damage within the
root canal system.
IRRIGANTS AND
LUBRICANTS
1. Flush the debris from the root canal
2. Disinfect the canal.

PROPERTIES:
•Able to dissolve/disrupt tissue and debris
•Non-toxic
•Low surface tension
•Able to lubricate instruments
•Able to sterilize or at least disinfect the canal
•Able to remove the smeared layer from the surface
 SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE

CHLORHEXIDIENE
GLUCONATE

EDTA

IRRIGANTS AND
LUBRICANTS
SALINE
SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE 2-10%:
It is irritant to vital tissues which may cause ulceration of soft tissues of
oral cavity, Use with RUBBER DAM ISOLATION
If access material is incorporated beyond the apex it may cause
inflammation of bone
Should not be used in insufficient crown or incomplete root formation or
perforation
CHLORHEXIDIENE GLUCONATE 0.2%:
Less irritant as compared to hypochlorite
ETHYLENE DIAMINE TETRA-ACETATE (EDTA):
Gel form
It is used in the cases of calcified canals
INTRACANALMEDICAMENTS

PARAMONOCHLOROPHENOL
(PMCP)

NON-SETTING
Ca(OH)2

POLYANTIMICROBIAL
PASTE
• PARAMONOCHLOROPHENOL (PMCP):
Short lived as denatured in the presence of calcium
Currently no clinical indication for it’s use
• NON-SETTING Ca(OH)2:
pH 11
Potent antimicrobial effect
Mild irritant if crossed beyond the apex
Induces root and bone formation, used in apexification
Can be left in place for several weeks
• POLYANTIMICROBIAL PASTE:
Polyantibiotic
Corticosteroid + sulphonamide + tetracycline
Decreases pulpal inflammation to facilitate access into the pulp in the next visit
Dissolves in 5-7 days
 OBTURATION MATERIALS
Conventional CONTEMPORARY
SILVER BULK FILL with THIN SEALANT
AMALGAM
MEDICATED PASTES
OBTURATION MATERIALS
CONVENTIONAL MATERIALS
1. SILVER:
Used in the form of prefabricated cones
Not always fits to the anatomy of root canals
Silver undergoes corrosion
One way is to fill the canal completely with silver
The silver may also be used to fill only the apical 5-6mm of the canal
while the rest of the canal is filled with some other material
2. DENTAL AMALGAM:
Used in the root canal as filling material
May be used in orthograde or retrograde root canal fillings
Needs specialized instrumentation
3. MEDICATED PASTES:

Paraformaldehyde Based
N2, SPAD, Endomethasone
•Sets hard
•Difficult to remove
•Highly toxic to periapical areas if crossed apex

IODOFORM BASED:
•Resorbable
•Can be placed as temporary dressing
 CONTEMPORARY MATERIALS
Bulk fill materials:
used to fill the bulk space of canal
•Natural Rubber Gutta percha
•Synthetic polyester resin based materials
Sealants:
used to seal the minor left over spaces
•GIC
•ZnO Eugenol
•Calcium Hydroxide
•Resin + dentine bonding System
BULK FILL MATERIALS
1. GUTTA PERCHA:
Latex derivative “Transpolyisoprene”
2 crystalline forms : α and ß
Composition:
Transpolyisoprene 19 – 22%
ZnO 60 – 75%
Resins
Waxes
Antioxidants
Metallic Salts
BULK FILL MATERIALS
2. POLYESTER RESIN: Resilon®
Thermoplastic synthetic polyester
Barium Sulphate
Bismuth Chlorate
Bioactive Glass
CANAL SEALANTS
1. To fill the spaces between the bulk fill materials
2. Improve their adaptation and adhesion to the walls of
canal
PROPERTIES:
•Tissue tolerance
•Insoluble in tissue fluids
•Dimensional stability
•Hermetic seal
•Radiopaque
•Bacteriostatic/ bateriocidal
•Adhesion to canal walls
•Easy to mix
•Non staining
•Slow setting
•Easily removed if required
MATERIALS USED:
•GIC
•ZnO Eugenol
•Calcium Hydroxide
•Resin + Dentine Bonding Agents
GIC:
•Its similar in composition to luting agents
•Sets rapidly
ZnO EUGENOL: (Grossmann’s Formula)
Composition:
Powder: ZnO, stabellite resin, Bismuth subcarbonate,
Barium Sulphate, Sodium Borate
Liquid: Eugenol
Resin Based Sealants:
Powder:
• Bismuth Oxide 60%
• Hexamethylene triamine 25%
• Silver 10%
• Titanium dioxide 5%
Liquid:
• Epoxy bisphenol resin
Silver causes dentinal staining and formaldehyde causes
tissue irritation
MATERIALS FOR ROOT CANAL
REPAIR
AND PERIRADICULAR
MTA (mineral SURGERY
trioxide aggregate):
• Tricalcium silicate
• Dicalcium silicate
• Tricalcium aluminate
• Tetracalcium alumino ferolite
• Calcium sulphate
• Bismuth oxide
( portland cement + Bismuth oxide)
USES OF MTA:
•Filled in defect for repair
•Root canal and filling material
•Apexification (causes cementogenesis)
•Infected Canals (antimicrobial effect)
METHODS OF OBTURATION
COLD PACKING:
Material placed in canal and compressed against the walls
with instruments

HEAT PACKING:
Material softened using heat into or outside the canal to
make proper seal
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METHODS OF OBTURATION
COLD PACKING:
Insertion of GP cones into the canal
Lateral condensation with help of instrument called
spreader
Canal sealed with the help of sealants
METHODS OF OBTURATION
HEAT PACKING:
Method 1: GP softened outside the mouth and then
inserted
Method 2: GP inserted into the canal and softened with
help of friction devices eg. “Archimedean Screw”
Method 3: GP inserted into the canal and softened with
help of heating devices like “Heat Probes”
 Materials

Irrigants and Lubricants Intracanal Medicaments Obturating Materials Canal Sealants In Endo Surgery

NaOCL
PMCP Conventional
Chlorhexidiene GIC, ZNO EUG, Ca(OH)2,
CaOH2 SILVER, AMALGAM, MTA
Saline RESIN+DBA
Polyantimicrobial Paste MEDICATED PASTE
EDTA

Contemporary
Bulk Fill with GP, POLYESTER
RESIN
Thanks!
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