Department of Technical Education

Andhra Pradesh
Name of the Staff : P.Uma mahesh
Designation : Lecturer
Branch : Civil Engineering
Institute : Govt Polytechnic, Srikakulam
Year/Semester : IV Semester
Subject : Construction Practice
Subject Code : C406
Topic : Classification Buildings &
Foundations
Duration : 50 min
Sub -Topic : Method of constructing
Spread foundation
Teaching Aids : PPT,Animations
Revised by : GVVL Satyanarayana
9C406.9 1
 Objectives

Upon the completion of this topic, you will be

able explain the

• Method of constructing Spread Footing

9C406.9 2
 Recap

In the previous class, you have learnt

• design of spread footings using empirical

formulae.

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 Spread footings

It is a very common type of foundation and is used

for Wall Foundations for ordinary buildings on

alluvial or ordinary soils.

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 Spread footings

These foundations are the extended bases of walls

and pillars carried down below the ground level to

distribute the load of the structure over a larger area of

the sub soil.

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METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION
OF
SPREAD FOOTINGS

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A trench of the required width and depth
is excavated

Fig 1

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•For Soft soils, timbering will be done to support sides

•Fig 2

• The bottom of the trench is rammed properly and

levelled

•9C406.9 •8
• A layer of coarse sand is laid on the soil bed for a
thickness of about 200mm and thoroughly
rammed.

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• A layer of bed concrete with Lime or cement
Concrete is spread over the compacted sand
layer.

Fig 3

• The lime concrete generally consists of 2.5 to 3

parts of aggregate (generally broken stones or
bricks) and 1:2 to 1:3 of lime surkhi and sand

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• The Cement Concrete generally having the ratio of
1:5:10 OR 1:4:8 (cement : coarse aggregate: sand)

• The thickness of the concrete is evenly spread and

compacted by hand rammers

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• The ramming should be continued till a
cream of mortar comes to top

• After the concrete base is thoroughly compacted,

masonry footings are constructed ass shown
below

Fig 4

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• The number of footings in a foundation will
depend upon the thickness of the wall and width
of foundation

• Normally the number of footings are equal to twice

the number of bricks in the thickness of wall

• Each Brick masonry footing extend 5 cm or ¼ the

length of the brick, beyond the face of the
succeeding footing.

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• The Depth of each course is usually between
10-20 cm

• After reaching the masonry above ground Level,

back filling of the trench is done with the

excavated soil.

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Typical Sections of
1½ brick wall

Oblique view of
Spread Foundation

Fig 7
Fig 6
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 Summary

In this class, we discussed

Procedure of constructing Spread footing

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 Quiz

1.Number of Footings equal to _______ the

number of bricks in wall

a) One time

b) Two times

c) Three times

d) Half time

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 Quiz

1. Spread Footings are generally laid for foundations of

a) Walls

b) Columns

c) Piers of Bridges

d) Piles Ans (a)

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 Frequently asked questions

1. Explain the construction procedure of Spread

Footing Foundation.

2. Draw a neat sketch of spread foundation for 1 ½

thick Brick wall

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