ANALYSIS OF DIAMOND LIKE CARBON’S

LAYERS ON SHAFT STEEL RESULTS OF PLASMA MIXED

PROPANE, BUTANE AND ARGON GAS

By:
Fariq Muhammad Haqqa
031300354
BACKGROUND
•The development of production manufacturing now more advanced
with the advent of the of the times and technology. Steel as raw
materials to production, much used especially for tools utensil and
components automotive. Carbon steel being widely used as a
A component an engine like a gear wheel, the shaft and other
components.

• Coating of plasma DLC has attracted many researchers to

developed in treatment the surface of the material ,
especially metals. The charactheristc DLC material is hard
B and inert. So, can make a material that the surface soft can
hardened.

• In The LPG gas, there are hidrocarbon gases (propane and

butane). argon is gas was easy to get free or circulate in the
C market and affordable prices.
AUTHENTICITY OF RESEARCH
“Characterization of DLC (Diamond Like Carbon) layer which are mounted with
Plasma technique on surface of Steel AISI 410" by Christian Mangiring Lontas (2013)

"Hardening the Surface of Chain Eye with Plasma DC Glow Discharge from a
mixture of Helium and Methane Gas " by Zuhdi Arif Ainun Najib (2014).

“Analysis of a Thin Layer of Piston Imitation Results Nitridasi Plasma"

by Adnan Abdussalam (2015),

“Characterization of Shaft Steel Surface Results of Diamond Like Carbon Coating

with Plasma Technique" by Tri Mardi Asih (2016),
PROBLEM FORMULATIONS

What is the effect of propane,

butane and argon gas in the
plasma process on the shaft
steel material sample

How to compare the composite

How is the effect of time and
element content and the
pressure variation in plasma
compound on the shaft steel
process on shaft steel material
surface before and after the
sample to its hardness value
plasma process.
PROBLEM LIMITATIONS
material object used is a carbon steel in the form of a
sample with a plasma DC glow discharge technique
with propane, butane and argon gas at a constant
temperature of 400 ºC of 1.4 and 1.6 mbar pressure with
time variations 2, 3, 4, and 5 hours.

Compare the value of hardness with Vickers test on the

material without plasma process with after plasma
process

SEM test to know thickness of DLC and EDS layer to

know carbon element in shaft steel material after
plasma process.
XRD test to know the compound in the sample after
plasma process.
 RESEARCH PURPOSES

The purpose of this research is to

know the influence of gas LPG and
Argon in plasma DLC to improve the
quality of steel shaft material in the
hardness value, carbon element and
know the compound that formed.
RESEARCH BENEFITS
HYPOTESIS

Based on literature review, the DLC from

plasma mixture of propane, butane and
argon gas can increase the value of
hardness, add elements carbon and its
compounds on the shaft steel surface
material.
THE DIFFERENCE WITH PREVIOUS
RESEARCHES
Researcher Gas Hardness SEM-EDS Test XRD Test

Test

Tri Mardi Asih CH4 + Ar Yes No No

Christian Ar + C2H4 Yes Yes No

Mangiring Lontas

Zuhdi Arif Ainun He + CH4 Yes No No

Najib

Research that has (C3H8 + Yes Yes Yes

ben done C4H10) + Ar

 SUBSTANCE
1. Sample of shaft steel material with content elemen

Element (Symbol) Percentage (%)

Fe 98,46
C 0,245
Si 0,286
Mn 0,532
Cr 0,114
SUBSTANCE
2. LPG Gas
3. Argon Gas.
4. Abrasive Paper.
5. Autosol.
EQUIPMENT
1. The DC plasma glow discharge machine.
2. Ultrasonic washing machine.
3. Polishing machine
4. Vickers Hardness testing machine.
5. SEM-EDS testing machine.
6. XRD testing machine
FLOWCHART DIAGRAM
OF RESEARCH
RESEARCH PROCESS

1. Substrate Preparation
2. Plasma Process
3. Vickers Hardness Testing
4. SEM-EDS Testing
5. XRD Testing
Result of Plasma Process

This research use Plasma DC Glow Discharge machine and LPG gas also Argon

gas on shaft steel material. After plasma proses, the sample of materials coat by DLC

layer. It can be prove by Vickers hardness testing, SEM-EDS testing and XRD testing
1st VICKERS TESTING RESULT

Pressure : 1,6 mbar & Temperature : 400°C

No.
Time (hour) Vickers Hardness Number (VHN)

1. 0 115,52

2. 2 122,28

3. 3 127,04

4. 4 183,3

5. 5 146,7
2nd VICKERS TESTING RESULT

Pressure : 1,4 mbar & Temperature : 400°C

No.
Time (hour) Vickers Hardness Number (VHN)

1. 0 115,52

2. 2 120,16

3. 3 124,38

4. 4 164,02

5. 5 137,5
 RELATION CHART OF TIME WITH VICKERS HARDNESS
NUMBER OF 1st AND 2nd VICKERS TESTING RESULT

200
180
NIlai Kekerasan Vickers (VHN)

NIlai Kekerasan Vickers (VHN)

180
160
160
140
140
120
120
100 100
80 80
60 60
40 40
20 20
0 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5
Time (hours) Time (hours)
SEM TESTING RESULT

Photo of SEM test result of steel shaft substrate after plasma optimum
parameter result magnification 500 times and 10,000 times
 SEM TESTING RESULT

Photo of SEM test result of steel shaft substrate after plasma optimum
parameter result magnification 10,000 times from side position
 EDS TESTING RESULT
Element Precentage (%)
No. Treatment
C O Mn Fe Al

1,4 mbar 2 hours

1 35,22 15,76 - 46,17 2,85
of side position

1,4 mbar 4 hours

2 11,06 19,81 0,87 68,26 -
of side position

1,6 mbar 2 hours

3 2,04 21,82 0,77 75,37 -
of side position

1,6 mbar 4 hours

4 0,79 22,1 0,69 76,42 -
of side position

1,6 mbar 4 hours of

5 7,24 20,66 - 72,11 -
above position
EDS TESTING RESULT OF OPTIMUM PARAMETER FROM ABOVE POSITION
XRD RESULT TESTING

Intepretation in a pattern of xrd use a database JCPDF show the top of the spectrum xrd.
The existence of a compound FeC shown in the spectrum xrd specimens dlc when pressure 1.4
mbar and 2 hours. Compound FeMnC in pressure 1.4 mbar and time four hours .Compound
FeMnC in pressure 1.6 mbar and 2 hours .While the existence of a compound Fe2C shown in
the spectrum xrd specimens DLC on pressure 1.6 mbar and time four hours on the optimum
parameter sample
GRAPHIC OF XRD TESTING RESULT FROM
OPTIMUM PARAMETER SAMPLE
CONCLUSION
Based on the research on the effect of DLC plasma on steel shaft
using LPG and Argon gas, it can be concluded as follows:
1. LPG and Argon gas in its use in Plasma can form DLC layer, so if
applied to the industry can be profitable and low cost of
production.
2. The parameter of optimum hardness value of steel shaft material
by DLC plasma process is obtained at 4 hours and pressure 1.6
mbar.
3. Photos of microstructure with SEM seen on the surface has a
smooth contour and thickness of DLC layer as 1 µm
4. On the EDS result there is an increase of carbon element in the
shaft steel material after plasma process
5. XRD test shows the presence of Fe2C compound in steel shaft
material after Plasma DLC process.
SUGGESTION

Can be done research using variation of other

hydrocarbon gas to be able to make DLC layer on steel
shaft meterial or do other type of testing to be able to
perfect the research analysis.
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THANK YOU