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SECONDARY METABOLITES
Phenolics Defense-related proteins
phenolic glycosides peroxidases
bound phenolics polyphenol oxidase
lignin? PAL
condensed tannins hydrolysable tannins
Terpenes N-containing
monoterpenes Alkaloids
diterpene acids Mustard oils
Physical Defenses
Stem spines Colletia paradoxa Leaf spines- Opuntia invicta
Cactus cuticle
Cactus cuticle
Waxes
• complex mixtures of long-chain lipids
that are extremely hydrophobic.
• are synthesized by epidermal cells.
• exuded through pores in the epidermal
cell wall by an unknown mechanism.
Suberin
• Also formed from fatty acids but has a
different structure from cutin.
• A cell wall constituent.
Suberin
H3C
CH CH CH2
H2C
Monoterpenes have two C5 units (10C)
Sesquiterpenes have three C5 units (15C)
Diterpenes have four C5 units (20C)
Triterpenes 30 C
Tetraterpenes 40C
Polyterpenes ([C5]n), n>8
Terpene functions
2. As defensive compounds
Examples
resins of conifers are monoterpenes
Triterpenes
1. cardenolides (glycosides) - acutely toxic
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