Introduction to UMTS

1 © NOKIA 6-65753 v.4 / 25.10.2004

 Objectives
After completing this module, the participant should be able to:

 List at least three significant events in the evolution of CDMA

networks

 List the four main network subsystems of UMTS Release 99

 Explain how existing GSM networks have evolved to support
additional services and new technologies

 Name the four basic air interface access technologies

 List at least three key benefits of WCDMA and identify at
least three advantages of 3G networks for both the operator
and the end-user

3 without using any references.

© NOKIA 6-65753 v.4 / 25.10.2004
 Significant events in (W)CDMA
evolution

1900 First human voice transmission (Reginald

Fessenden)
1906 First radio broadcast (Fessenden)

1948 John Pierce describes CDMA Multiplexing

1949 Claude Shannon & John Pierce describe major

CDMA effects
1956 "Antimultipath" RAKE receiver patented

4 © NOKIA 6-65753 v.4 / 25.10.2004

 Significant events in (W)CDMA
evolution

1970s CDMA used in several military communication and

navigation systems

Why was CDMA implemented for military use?

1980s Studies for narrowband CDMA for commercial mobile

networks

1990s Studies for wideband (~5 MHz) CDMA for mobile cellular
systems

5 © NOKIA 6-65753 v.4 / 25.10.2004

 Significant events in (W)CDMA
evolution
1993 USA used CDMA standardised in 2nd generation

1996 UMTS forum established

1997 ITU requests proposals for candidate radio transmission

technologies for IMT-2000 radio interface

1998 ITU receives 10 proposals for terrestrial RTTs and

5 for satellite RTTs including:

- CDMA2000 (USA)
- ARIB W-CDMA (Japan)
- UTRA (Europe)

6 © NOKIA 6-65753 v.4 / 25.10.2004

 Significant events in (W)CDMA
evolution

1998 3GPP formed to develop of a joint 3G system based

on evolved GSM core and UTRA air interface

1999 ETSI starts UMTS project

1999 4 UMTS licenses awarded in Finland

2003 Commercial use of WCDMA network

7 © NOKIA 6-65753 v.4 / 25.10.2004

 International Mobile
Telephone - 2000

IMT-2000 TDMA FDMA

radio CDMA
interface Direct Spread Multi Carrier Single Carrier
Time Code Time Code
options (on paired (on paired (on unpaired (on paired (on unpaired
frequency frequency frequency frequency frequency
spectrum) spectrum) spectrum) spectrum) spectrum)

3G systems
cdma2000 UWC-136 (DECT)
(EDGE)

FDD mode
UMTS
TDD mode

8 © NOKIA 6-65753 v.4 / 25.10.2004

 Specification Bodies

OHG

UMTS

3G.IP

9 © NOKIA 6-65753 v.4 / 25.10.2004

 Vision of UMTS Specification
 Worldwide specified
 Clear added value to GSM and backward compatible with GSM/ISDN
 Full support for multimedia and advanced services
 Generic radio access
 Services must not be limited by the network capability.
UMTS Release 99

new radio interface solution network evolution

• more efficient • enhanced GSM core network
• more flexible • enhanced service infrastructure

WCDMA
• FDD-mode
• TDD-mode
10 © NOKIA 6-65753 v.4 / 25.10.2004
 3GPP Specifications
• UMTS Rel' 99
• Compatibility with GSM
 Inter-operability
 Services
• UTRAN specifications, including WCDMA
air interface (Uu)

• Release 4 and 5
• mainly specifies All-IP core network
• call control and bearer control in separate
network elements
• Real time QoS classes for packet switched
infrastructure
• additional WCDMA solution (low chip rate TDD
mode)
• Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS)
• Release 4 approximately implemented starting
from year 2003-2004

11 © NOKIA 6-65753 v.4 / 25.10.2004

 The subsystems of UMTS
ATM
Service
WCDMA Platform
Uu Iu

RAN CN
UE
O&M

UE = User Equipment
RAN = Radio Acces Network
NMS
CN = Core Network
NMS = Network Management System

13 © NOKIA 6-65753 v.4 / 25.10.2004

 3G network management layers
Communication Management (CM)

Session Management (SM) Higher layer functions:

• Service-related
Mobility Management (MM) • Charging of a Bearer
Radio Resource Management (RRM)

UE CN
Circuit/Packet-switched
RAN
session management:
• PDP Context Activation
• CS-call Setup
Managed mainly by • Bearer Need
CN domains • etc.
Control of Radio Resources • Location Update
• Location Registration
• Admission Control • Paging
• Code Allocation • Security
• Power Control • Positioning
• etc.
• Handover Control and
Macro Diversity
14 © NOKIA 6-65753 v.4 / 25.10.2004
 3G Access Rate targets
3G Radio Access

Pedestrian & Office (<10 km/h): Outdoor (< 150 km/h): Outdoor (<250 km/h):
bit rate <= 2 Mb/s bit rate 384 kb/s, target 512 kb/s bit rate 144 kb/s, preferably more

Environment RT Service Peak Rate NRT Service Peak Rate

(Delay fixed 20 – 300 ms) (Delay varies 20 – 300 ms)
Rural Outdoor 144 – 384 kb/s 144 – 384 kb/s
(Speed < 250 km/h)
Urban/Suburban 384 – 512 kb/s 384 – 512 kb/s
(Speed < 150 km/h)
Indoor/Low Range Outdoor - 2 Mb/s - 2 Mb/s
(Speed < 10 km/h) (Special conditions) (Special conditions)
15 © NOKIA 6-65753 v.4 / 25.10.2004
 Network evolution
HW/SW Changes HLR & AC & EIR

IP Networks

BTS BSC TCSM MSC&VLR

PSTN

ISDN

Value Added
BTS BSC TCSM Service Platform(s):
SMSC, VMS

IN
SGSN

TRX Change & Transmission Upgrade

GGSN
IP Networks
BTS MGW
RNC

3G-SGSN
UMTS adds
GPRS Rel'3;improved
new BTS,data Radio Network
services Controller,
with Media witched
a new Packets Gateway, 3G-
backbone
Data
Even
Higher
A GPRS
Rates
GSM
atdata
the
in is
network
IN was introducedadded
start,
GSM
rates VAS
are
are
is to existing
increased
made
obtained
(value from
added
by
by3networks to
introducing support
implementation
Sub-Systems
services) were
EDGE
(BSS,
part
of inPacked
Features
NSS
the
of GSM
GSM
andData
like
networks
OSS)
network
HSCSD
Wherefor new and
SGSN services
SGSN
GGSN and
aredifferentiation (e.g. Pre-Paid)
two main elements
16 © NOKIA 6-65753 v.4 / 25.10.2004
 CDMA theory

17 © NOKIA 6-65753 v.4 / 25.10.2004

The difference between analogue and digital

Analogue

So you see
bla, bla, bla, yada, yada
110000110101100011101110001

Digital

18 © NOKIA 6-65753 v.4 / 25.10.2004

 FDD and TDD
Duplex Transmission

Frequency Division Duplex Time Division Duplex

Uplink

Downlink

Uplink

Downlink

Uplink

Downlink

frequency frequency
19 © NOKIA 6-65753 v.4 / 25.10.2004
 With FDMA, the users transmit
simultaneously using separate
frequencies

frequency
carrier band
21 © NOKIA 6-65753 v.4 / 25.10.2004
 Space Division Multiple Access

Disadvantages with FDMA?

22 © NOKIA 6-65753 v.4 / 25.10.2004
 TDMA divides the frequency into
multiple time slices
Mobile Phone 3
Mobile Phone 2
Mobile Phone 1
Mobile Phone 4
Mobile Phone 3
Mobile Phone 2 TDMA frame
Mobile Phone 1
Mobile Phone 4
Mobile Phone 3
Mobile Phone 2 TDMA frame

Mobile Phone 1
carrier band frequency
23 © NOKIA 6-65753 v.4 / 25.10.2004
 Code Division Multiple
Access

24 © NOKIA 6-65753 v.4 / 25.10.2004

 Sharing the frequency by using different
codes
Power (P)

Time

Codes

Frequency
25 © NOKIA 6-65753 v.4 / 25.10.2004
 WCDMA air interface properties

Originating Bit WCDMA Received Bit

Power Frequency
Band

Duration
(spreading factor)

26 © NOKIA 6-65753 v.4 / 25.10.2004

 Spreading and sharing the same space
P User A P

P P

f f
Data Data after
spreading
P P f f
User B
Transmission Despread
over the air User AB signal
at the receiver

f f

27 © NOKIA 6-65753 v.4 / 25.10.2004

 Managing interference in CDMA

p s ign a l
inte rfe re n c e p

s ign a l
inte rfe re n c e

f
f
Transmissio n Despread
over the air signal at
the receiver

28 © NOKIA 6-65753 v.4 / 25.10.2004

 Features of WCDMA
• Efficient use of spectrum
• Limited frequency management
• Low mobile station transmit power
• Uplink and downlink resource utilisation independent
• Wide variety of data rates
• Improvement of multi-path resolution
• Statistical multiplexing advantage
• Increased standby-time from higher rate control
channels.

29 © NOKIA 6-65753 v.4 / 25.10.2004

 Key operator benefits

 New service capabilities means

new business opportunities for
operators, (further
differentiation)
 Revenue opportunity with
increased
data/voice traffic
 New frequency spectrum
 The path towards IP mobility

30 © NOKIA 6-65753 v.4 / 25.10.2004

 Key end-user benefits

 Integrated customised
services
 Simplified service
provisioning and service
upgrades
• Wireless personal Internet
• Multimedia messaging
 Enhanced e-mail
 Telecommuting
 Improved quality of service
• Support for video/audio clips
31 © NOKIA 6-65753 v.4 / 25.10.2004
 Please answer the Review questions

32 © NOKIA 6-65753 v.4 / 25.10.2004

 Review questions

1. e
2. RAN, NMS,CN,UE
3. c
4. b
5. false
6. FDMA, SDMA, CDMA, TDMA
7. c
8. digital sampling resulting in bitstream
9. d
10. false
11. i

33 © NOKIA 6-65753 v.4 / 25.10.2004