Maria Mayasari

TEHNIK A DAN ANTISEPSIS

Pendahuluan

Asepsis
Mempertahankan keadaan bebas kuman
pathogen
Bebas dari Infeksi
Pencegahan kontak dgn mikroorganisme
Antisepsis
Tindakan /usaha mencapai asepsis
Penggunaan bahan kimia untuk desinfeksi
Proses yang menghambat pertumbuhan &
perkembangan mikroorganisme
Tujuan tehnik A dan
Antiseptik
Mencegah penyebaran bakteri
Membunuh kuman
Mencegah SSI
Sejarah

Semmelweis (1847)
Menganjurkan dokter untuk cuci
tangan dengan larutan chlorine untuk
mengurangi sepsis puerpura
Sejarah

Pasteur (1861)
Mikroorganisme dapat menyebabkan
pembusukan
Pemanasan dapat menguranginya
Sejarah

Joseph Lister akhir 1860-an

Memperkenalkan fenol sebagai zat
untuk mengurangi infeksi luka
operasi
Florence nightingale
Mengemukakan pentingnya sanitasi
untuk mengurangi mortalitas pada
pasien tentara
Asepsis

Teknik
Steril
Disposable / Individual use
Sterilisasi instrumen yg reusable
Menghentikan kontaminasi
Sterilisasi

Cara
Panas
 Pemanasan langsung
 Uap
Kimia
 Etilen oksida, ozon, chlorin
Radiasi
Filtrasi
STEAM STERILIZATION

Oldest and most cost-effective

method
Destroys resistant bacterial spores
and leaves no toxic residues
Requires heat, steam and pressure
and time for the process
Utilizes temperature of 121 - 131
degrees centigrade
DRY HEAT STERILIZATION

Effective on powders, petroleum

ointments, anhydrous oils, greases
Requires high temperature and long
exposure periods
Does not exert corrosive effect on
sharp instruments or erode
ground glass
 IONIZING RADIATION

Principal type of radiation is the

cobalt 60 gamma rays capable of
penetrating bulk objects
Currently ionizing radiation is used
by industry due to high initial cost
and the size of the facility required
Reliable and inexpensive to maintain
CHEMICAL STERILIZATION:
ETHYLENE OXIDE
Accepted Technology, but known agent
for its hazardous and toxic nature
Necessary Strict Installation
Regulations
Utilizes temperature of 37 - 55 Degrees
C
Process time of 2 to 4 hours plus 8 to
12 hours for aeration of the toxic
residues
 LIQUID CHEMICAL
STERILIZATION
A solution of activated aqueous
glutaradehyde in 2% concentration
Most frequently used on flexible
scopes and rigid endoscopic
equipment as HLD
When used as directed by
manufacturer, it is safe, non
corrosive, non staining and effective
Sterile Technique

Foundation of Modern Surgery

Patients are the centre fields
Around the patients
Gown
Operating bed
Furniture
Drape
 Principal of Sterile Technique
Only sterile Items are used within
Sterile fields
Sterile person are Gowned & Gloved
Table are sterile only at Table level
Sterile person only touch sterile
items or areas, while Unsterile
person tough Unsterile items/Areas.
Unsterile person Avoid reaching over
Sterile fields.
Sterile Person avoid leaning on an
Unsterile area.
The edge of anything that encloses
sterile contact are considered Unsterile.
The Sterile fields is created as close as
possible to the time use.
Sterile are continuously kept in view
Sterile person keep well within the
sterile
area.
Sterile Person keep contact with sterile
area limited to minimum.
One HIGHLY CRITICAL AREA where sterilized instruments and
medical devices are being used is ……..

The Operating Room Suite

Antisepsis

Menggunakan bahan antiseptik:

Balutan yang mengandung zat
antisepsis
Penggunaan antiseptik pada
lapangan operasi
Bahan-bahan Antiseptik

Alkohol
Iodine
Chlorhexidine gluconate
Hidrogen peroksida
Hand hygiene

Cuci tangan untuk:

Menurunkan insidens terjadinya SSI
Menurunkan insidens infeksi MRSA
dll
Hand Hygiene

Rationale for hand hygiene

Potential risks of transmission of
microorganisms to patients
Potential risks of health-care worker
colonization or infection caused by organisms
acquired from the patient
Morbidity, mortality, and costs associated with
health-care–associated infections
Indications for hand hygiene
Contact with a patient’s intact skin (e.g., taking
a pulse or blood pressure, performing physical
examinations, lifting thepatient in bed)
Contact with environmental surfaces in the
immediate vicinity of patients
After glove removal
Techniques for hand hygiene

 Amount of hand-hygiene solution

 Duration of hand-hygiene procedure
 Selection of hand-hygiene agents
 Alcohol-based hand rubs are the most efficacious
agents for reducing the number of bacteria on the
hands of personnel. Antiseptic soaps and
detergents are the next most effective, and non-
antimicrobial soaps are the least effective ( 1,398).
 Soap and water are recommended for visibly soil
hands.
 Alcohol-based hand rubs are recommended for
routine decontamination of hands for all clinical
indications (exceptwhen hands are visibly soiled)
and as one of the options for surgical hand hygiene.
Kesimpulan

Ada berbagai cara untuk

menerapkan prinsip a dan
antisepsis, mulai dari yang
sederhana sampai kompleks
Teknik A dan antiseptik digunakan
untuk mengurangi angka kejadian
infeksi pada prosedur bedah
Terima
Kasih