Earth science final

project
By:Abdullokh (abdul)
Big Bang theory, cosmic background radiation.
The Big Bang Theory is the leading explanation about how the universe began. At its simplest, it talks about the universe as
we know it starting with a small singularity, then inflating over the next 13.8 billion years to the cosmos that we know today,
The phrase "Big Bang Theory" has been popular among astrophysicists for decades, but it hit the mainstream in 2007.

The cosmic microwave background (CMB) is the thermal radiation left over from the time of recombination in Big Bang
cosmology. In older literature, the CMB is also variously known as cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR) or "relic
radiation"
The age of Universe is 13.772 billion years. www.livescience.com/38169-electromagnetism.html Source
 Nuclear fusion in stars, star Classification, Planet Formation.

The enormous luminous energy of the stars comes from nuclear fusion processes in their centers. Depending
upon the age and mass of a star, the energy may come from proton-proton fusion, helium fusion, or the carbon
cycle. For brief periods near the end of the luminous lifetime of stars, heavier elements up to iron may fuse, but
since the iron group is at the peak of the binding energy curve, the fusion of elements more massive than iron
would soak up energy rather than deliver it. While the iron group is the upper limit in terms of energy yield by
fusion, heavier elements are created in the stars by another class of nuclear reactions. This nuclear synthesis of
elements heavier than iron uses energy rather than supplies it.The various planets are thought to have formed
from the solar nebula, the disc-shaped cloud of gas and dust left over from the Sun's formation. The currently
accepted method by which the planets formed is accretion, in which the planets began as dust grains in orbit
around the central protostar.

www.livescience.com/38169-electromagnetism.html
Electromagnetic Radiation
This range is known as the electromagnetic spectrum. The EM spectrum is generally divided into seven regions, in order of
decreasing wavelength and increasing energy and frequency. The common designations are: radio waves,

Redshift

Doppler Effect
Created by abdullokh
Our location in the Universe located in milky way galaxy.

Solar System
Geocentric astrology is a view or charting of our solar system as seen from the perspective of the earth.
We could equally imagine a Mars or Saturn based perspective and viewpoint. During 16, 17 century, the
foundations of modern science were laid, thanks to breakthroughs in the fields of physics, mathematics,
chemistry, biology, and astronomy. And when it comes to astronomy, the most influential scholar was
definitely Nicolaus Copernicus, the man credited with the creation of the Heliocentric model of the
Universe.

Description of solar system.

This is by size of the planets. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Earth, Venus, Mars and Mercury.

The difference between planets is

on the size and mass and life is in
only one planet which is in the
Earth.
 Rotation, evidence and effect of

The Earth ROTATES on its axis every 23 hours 56 min 4 sec (relative to the Sun) and REVOLVES in orbit
around the Sun once every year. The most direct evidence of daily rotations via a Foucault pendulum,
which swings in the same plane as the Earth rotates beneath it.

Earth revolution on its axis Important for changing the seasons and day and night. The direction of Earth's
revolution is in the direction of its rotation.
 coriolis effect and foucault pendulum

Foucault pendulum is a simple device conceived as an experiment to demonstrate the rotation of the
Earth. You can do this by your own like we did in class.
The Coriolis effect is most apparent in the path of an object moving longitudinally.

Revolution is movement of the earth around the sun.

Eccentricity is a measure of how an orbit deviates from circular.

Seasons Because the sun is our source of light, energy and heat, the changing
intensity and concentration of its rays give rise to the seasons of winter, spring,
summer and fall.
 Moon

Moon is like sun but not hot and so smaller than sun and we can see the moon
only at night.

Moon phases is means like stage like stages of the moon, ex: full moon, new
moon, waxing crescent, waning crescent, waxing gibbous, waning gibbous,1st
quarter moon, 3rd quarter moon.

This is tides of the moon, Moon is

moving and sometimes moon
blocking the earth and is going to be
dark in earth because of moon’s
shadow.

Eclipses