Networking & Troubleshooting

What is computer network?

 It is a collection of computers and devices
connected either by wire or wireless.
 It helps to share files, printers, applications
and other resources.

HUB / SWITCH
Purpose of computer network
 Sharing of files, data, information etc.
 Facilitate communication
 Sharing of Hardware
 Sharing of Software
Types of Network
The basic types of networks include: LAN, MAN, WAN
LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN)
 A network is said to be Local Area Network (LAN) if it is confined
relatively to a small area. It is generally limited to a building or a
geographical area, expanding not more than a mile apart to other
computers.
METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK (MAN)
 Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) covers larger geographic areas, such as
cities. Often used by local libraries and government agencies often to
connect to citizens and private industries.

WIDE AREA NETWORK (WAN)

 Stands for "Wide Area Network." It is similar to a Local Area Network
(LAN), but it's a lot bigger. Unlike LANs, WANs are not limited to a single
location. Many wide area networks span long distances via telephone lines,
fiber optic cables, or satellite links. They can also be composed of smaller
LANs that are interconnected. The Internet could be described as the
biggest WAN in the world.
Types of Network Cont…
PERSONAL AREA NETWORK (PAN)
A personal area network (PAN) is the interconnection of information
technology devices within the range of an individual person, typically within
a range of 10 meters. For example, a person traveling with a laptop, a
personal digital assistant (PDA), and a portable printer could interconnect
them without having to plug anything in, using some form of wireless
technology. Typically, this kind of personal area network could also be
interconnected without wires to the Internet or other networks.

CAMPUS AREA NETWORK (CAN)

A campus area network (CAN) is a network of multiple interconnected
local area networks (LAN) in a limited geographical area. A CAN is smaller
than a wide area network (WAN) or metropolitan area network (MAN).
A CAN is also known as a corporate area network (CAN).
In most cases, CANs own shared network devices and data exchange
media.
Bluetooth
 Bluetooth is a technology that describes
how mobile devices, computers and other
devices can easily communicate with each
other using a short range wireless
communication.
 Advantages of Bluetooth
 It is replacement of wire
 It is inexpensive
 It connects with other devices automatically
 Standard PAN within 10 meter range.
 Signals are Omni-directional
 Signals can penetrate (pass) through walls & buildings
 Transfer Speed of 1 MBps.
Wireless-Fidelity (Wi-Fi)
 It is wireless local area network that uses radio
waves to transmit and receive data.
 Used in laptops , mobiles and small electronic
devices to share files and get Internet access.
 Its range within a close room is 32 meters and
outdoor range is less than 500 meters.
 It provides the speed between 11 to 54 Mbps
 There are 3 WiFi transmission standards
 IEEE 802.11a
 IEEE 802.11b
 IEEE 802.11g
 IEEE 802.11n
E-Governance
 Electronic Governance, is the integration
of Information and Communication Technology
(ICT)in all the processes, with the aim of enhancing
government ability to address the needs of the general
public.
 The basic purpose of e-governance is to simplify
processes for all, i.e. government, citizens, businesses, etc.
at National, State and local levels.
 It is the use of electronic means, to promote good
governance.
 E-Governance is meant for:
◦ Simple,
◦ Moral,
◦ Accountable and
◦ Transparent governance.
 Benefits of E-governance
 Reduced corruption
 High transparency
 Increased convenience
 Growth in GDP
 Direct participation of constituents or citizens
 Reduction in overall cost.
 Expanded reach of government

Through e-governance, the government plans to raise the

coverage and quality of information and services
provided to the general public, by the use of ICT in an
easy, economical and effective manner.
Types of Interactions in E-Governance
 G2G (Government to Government): When the exchange of
information and services is within the periphery of the government, is
termed as G2G interaction. This can be both horizontal, i.e. among
various government entities and vertical, i.e. between national, state
and local government entities and within different levels of the entity.
 G2C (Government to Citizen): The interaction between the
government and general public is G2C interaction. Here an interface
is set up between government and citizens, which enables citizens to
get access to wide variety of public services. The citizens has the
freedom to share their views and grievances on government policies
anytime, anywhere.
 G2B (Government to Business): In this case, the e-governance
helps the business class to interact with the government seamlessly. It
aims at eliminating red-tapism, saving time, cost and establish
transparency in the business environment, while interacting with
government.
 G2E (Government to Employees): The government of any
country is the biggest employer and so it also deals with employees
on a regular basis, as other employers do. ICT helps in making the
interaction between government and employees fast and efficient,
along with raising their level of satisfaction by providing perquisites
and add-on benefits.
Connectivity

Knowledge

Data Content

Capital
Mission Mode Projects
 A mission mode project (MMP) is an individual project within the National
e-Governance Plan (NeGP) that focuses on one aspect of electronic
governance, such as banking, land records or commercial taxes etc.
 NeGP comprises 31 mission mode projects (MMPs)

Central MMPs State MMPs Integrated MMPs

•Banking •Agriculture
•Central Excise & •Commercial Taxes
Customs •e−District
•Income Tax (IT) •Employment Exchange •CSC
•Insurance •Land Records(NLRMP) •e-Biz
•MCA21 •Municipalities •e-Courts
•Passport •e-Panchayats •e-Procurement
•Immigration,Visa and •Police(CCTNS) •EDI For eTrade
Foreigners Registration& •Road Transport •National e-governance
Tracking •Treasuries Service Delivery Gateway
•Pension Computerization •India Portal
•e-Office •PDS
•Posts •Education
•UID •Health