GOOD MORNING

Presenter Name
GOOD
AFTERNOON
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Betty Newman’s System
Model

By:-
Mrs. Liza S.

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Objectives:

• Describe and explain the major concepts

of the Neuman systems model as
proposed by Neuman.
• Explain the major concepts important to
nursing as defined by Neuman.
• Plan nursing care for a patient scenario
utilizing the Neuman systems model.
I believe that theory is vital to the
development of an autonomous and
accountable nursing profession… I believe
that the model is relevant for the future
because of its dynamic and systemic
nature; its concepts and propositions are
timeless”
(Neuman, 2011, p. 318)
 BETTY NEUMANN’S SYSTEM MODEL

• Betty Neumann’s system model provides a

comprehensive, flexible, holistic and system based
perspective for nursing.

• It focuses attention on the response of the client

system to actual or potential environmental stressors.

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BETTY NEUMANN’S SYSTEM MODEL

• The use of primary, secondary and tertiary nursing

prevention intervention for retention, attainment,
and maintenance of optimal client system wellness.

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HISTORY AND
BACKGROUND
OF THE
THEORIST

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HISTORY AND BACKGROUND OF THE
THEORIST

• Betty Neumann was born in 1924, in

Lowel, Ohio.

• Completed B.Sc. nursing in 1957, and

M.S. in Mental Health Public health
consultation, from UCLA in 1966.

• She holds a Ph.D. in clinical psychology.

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HISTORY AND BACKGROUND OF THE
THEORIST

• A pioneer in the community mental

health movement in the late 1960s.

• Began developing her health system

model, while a lecturer in community
health nursing at University of
California, Los Angeles.

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HISTORY AND BACKGROUND OF
THE THEORIST

• The models was initially developed, in response

to graduate nursing students expression of a need
for course content, that would expose them to
breadth of nursing problems, prior to focusing on
specific nursing problem areas.

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 HISTORY AND BACKGROUND OF
THE THEORIST

• The model was published in 1972 as “A Model for

Teaching Total Person Approach to Patient Problems”
in Nursing Research.

• It was refined, and subsequently published in the first

edition of Conceptual Models for Nursing Practice, in
1974, and in the second edition in 1980.

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DEVELOPMENT OF THE MODEL
• Neumann’s model was influenced by a variety
of sources.
• The philosophy writers de Chardin and cornu
(on wholeness in system).
• Von Bertalanfy, and Lazlo on general system
theory.
• Selye on stress theory.
• Lararus on stress and coping.
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 BASIC ASSUMPTIONS
OF NEUMANN’S
THEORY

Thursday, July 18, 2013

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BASIC ASSUMPTIONS
1. Each client system is unique, a composite of
factors and characteristics within a given range
of responses contained within a basic structure.
I am
unique

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 BASIC ASSUMPTIONS
2. Many known, unknown and universal
stressors exist. Each differ in it’s potential
for disturbing a client’s usual stability level
or normal Line of Defense.

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 BASIC ASSUMPTIONS
3. Stressors both universal and known; some
are unique to the client. They have potential
to disturb equilibrium, thus causing a change
in priority of needs at any given moment.

Stressors
disturbs the
normal
equilibrium
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 BASIC ASSUMPTIONS
4. Man is a composite of the interrelationship of
the four variables ( biological, psychological,
socio-cultural and developmental) which are at
all times present.

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 BASIC ASSUMPTIONS
5. Each client/ client system has evolved a normal
range of responses to the environment that is
referred to as a normal Line of Defense. The
normal Line of Defense can be used as a
standard from which to measure health
deviation.

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 BASIC ASSUMPTIONS

7. When the flexible Line of Defense is no

longer capable of protecting the client/ client
system, against an environmental stressor,
the stressor breaks through the normal Line
of Defense.

Thursday, July 18, 2013

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BASIC ASSUMPTIONS

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BASIC ASSUMPTIONS
8.Primary prevention relates to general
knowledge applied to clients assessment to
identify stressors before they occur.
9.Secondary prevention relates to
symptomatology. These are interventions
generally initiated after an encounter with a
stressor.
10.Tertiary prevention relates to the adaptive
process, as reconstitution begins and moves
back towards primary prevention. These are
the interventions initiated after treatment.

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 MAJOR CONCEPTS
OF NEUMANN'S
THEORY #
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FOUR MAJOR CONCEPTS

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1.Person
A composite of physiological, psychological,
sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual variables in
interaction with the internal and external environment.
Represented by a central structure, lines of defense,
and lines of resistance.
(Neuman, 2002)

Physiological
Psychological
Socio-cultural
Spiritual
Developmental

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1.Person
Has protective mechanisms for the basic structure,
and maintains client’s system stability: (1 . ) flexible
line o f defense , (2. ) normal line of defense , and (3 .)
lines of resistance.

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2.Health

Health is equated with optimal

system stability; it is viewed on a
continuum of wellness to illness
(Neuman, 2002, p. 23)

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2.Health

The client system moved toward

wellness when more energy is
available than is needed.

The client system moves toward

illness and death when more
energy is needed than is available.

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.
3.Environment

All internal and external factors or influences surrounding the

client system. Three relevant environments identified are the
internal environment, the external environment, and the
created environment .
(Neuman, 2002, p.18)
internal environment
external environment
created environment

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4. Nursing

Prevention as intervention; concerned

with all potential stressors.

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4. Nursing
Neuman defines nursing as “action
which assist individuals, families
and groups to maintain a
maximum level of wellness, and
the primary aim is stability of the
patient/client system, through
nursing interventions to reduce
stressors.’’
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4. Nursing
The role of the nurse is seen in terms of degree of
reaction to stressors, and the use of primary,
secondary and tertiary interventions.

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 Primary
prevention Stressors Stressors

Basic
structure
Secondary and Line of
prevention Defense

Reaction
Tertiary Stressors
prevention
Reconstitution
Interventions

The Neuman System Model (3 rd edition, 1995)

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STAGES OF NURSING PROCESS
(BY NEUMAN)

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NEUMANN’S SYSTEM MODEL FORMAT

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 Sample Situation:
Ms. Y is a 38-year-old businesswoman. His colleagues
describe him as hard working, perfectionist, and very
dedicated to work. Her day starts by leaving the house very
early from Laguna to Makati and begins work by
delegating various tasks with firm expectations and
deadlines that somewhat impossible to meet. She usually
responds with pressure and intimidating remarks for works
not perfectly done. She smokes and drinks alcohol
whenever he is stressed. Recently the company experienced
continuous dropped in their sells and her bosses started to
put blame to her.
Ms. Y began exhibiting weird mannerisms and behaviors that
appear strange to his family and people around her. She
misses breakfast and lunch very often and sleeps very late at
night while doing work. She has no time anymore for is family
and focuses too hard on meeting deadlines and her
preconceived objectives. Because of this weird changes in her,
the company decided to temporarily relieve him from her
position as executive manager. A week later, she started to
have periods of mania and depression. Her family becomes
worried and called up the hospital to seek assistance after she
locked herself in the room, refusing to eat, and most of the
time quiet and staring blankly on the wall. Later, she
developed pneumonia.
Using Neuman’s System Model in the above situation, the identified possible
stressors that contributed to Ms. Y condition were as follows: work, personality, and
attitude. Ms. Y is not anymore able to handle the stressors and that had caused the
“breakdown” of her lines of defense. Without seeking help from her family and
friends, she was not able to maintain her flexible line of defense and brought
instability to her system. (The diagram on the next page shows the effect of the
stress in her lines of defense and the corresponding prevention that might have or
may be done to prevent illness/or complications from occurring.)
“Healthis acondition in which all parts and subparts arein
harmonywith the whole ofthe client.”
ACCEPTANCE BY THE NURSING
COMMUNITY

PRACTICE

EDUCATION

RESEARCH

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