Sie sind auf Seite 1von 17

Industrial Automation

Automation Industrielle
Industrielle Automation

1.5 Control System Architecture


Arquitectura de control
Architecture de Contrôle - Commande
Leittechnik-Architektur
1.5 Control System Architecture

1 Introduction
1.1 Automation and its importance
1.2 Applications of automation
1.3 Plants and controls
1.3.1 Open loop and closed loop control
1.3.2 Continuous process
1.3.3 Discrete process
1.3.3 Dual plants
1.4 Automation hierarchy
1.5 Control System Architecture

Industrial Automation Control system hierarchy 1.5 - 2


Principle

The control system is a communication system consisting of


controllers and links.

The structure of the control system should reflect the


structure of the plant

Ideally, each unit of the plant should have its own controller,
interacting with the controllers of the other, related units,
mirroring their physical interaction.

Example: Airbus: a wing is delivered with its own computers.

Industrial Automation Control system hierarchy 1.5 - 3


Example: Power plant control - 1980 (!)

Control systems still look similar


Industrial Automation Control system hierarchy 1.5 - 4
Buses and processors in industrial plants

instrument bus
(mimic board)
open network, WAN
Operator panel
disk Mimic board
Process pictures

Process Data Base workstation bus

Logging station station

plant network (500m .. 3 km) – includes control network

processor pool P P P C P P C P
PLC nodes
node bus
(multi-processors)
I/O MEM I/O MEM BC
fieldbus (30m..2 km)

directly coupled control backplane bus


input/ stations
output
sensor bus sensor bus (0,5.. 30 m)

transducers

M plant (Werk, usine)


valve thermo-couple position motor

Industrial Automation Control system hierarchy 1.5 - 5


Example: Newspaper Printing Architecture

MPS =
Managed
Print Services

Each level has its own bus !

Industrial Automation Control system hierarchy 1.5 - 6


Example: Production management system

production
planning
enterprise network

scheduling maintenance quality control

plant network

transportation cell manufacturing


cell control cell control

floor network
robot milling
controller machine

rail-guided
vehicle

Industrial Automation Control system hierarchy 1.5 - 7


Plant with process (e.g. chemical) and electrical (substation) parts
vertical
Engineering communication
plant network Workplaces

IEC 61850
CN Connectivity connectivity server
Server (and router)
Aspect Servers

process network substation network

horizontal communication horizontal communication

interface
controller
CI871

PB
PI SAN IEDs
PN
PI PI
LANs are
PB
PI PN
PI separate:
PI
there is no
PB
PI Engineering PN
PI IP routing PI PI = Process Interface
between MU = Merging Unit
PB
PI PN
PI MU
PI
Engineering them
PB
PI PN
PI MU
PI
Profibus Profinet RSTP bay bus

Industrial Automation Control system hierarchy 1.5 - 8


Example: ABB Industrial IT (redundant system)

Plant Network / Intranet Workplaces Enterprise


(clients) Optimization
(clients) 3rd party
application
Firewall Mobile
server
Operator

Plant Network (Ethernet)


connectivity aspect application engineering
server server server workplace

Control Network (Ethernet)


Programmable
Serial or Logic Controller
fieldbus AC 800C touch-screen
Redundant
AC 800M
Field Bus Field Bus
3rd party
controllers,
servers etc sensor network

Industrial Automation Control system hierarchy 1.5 - 9


The internet dimension (example: Alstom)

Industrial Automation Control system hierarchy 1.5 - 10


The wireless dimension (example: Schneider)

No more wires, but the structure remains

Industrial Automation Control system hierarchy 1.5 - 11


A real substation project
HP Color Operator's Workstation 1 Engineering Workstation Global Position to Disturbance Recorder
Printer Server 1
Operator's W orkstation 2

Laserjet System Central Station Evalution Station


PTUSK Scope

132kV FOX
Alarm and Equipment
Event Printer 1 11kV analog Ether 132kV analog Telephon
LA36W Printer Server 2 Input net Input Modem

Verbindung zu E4

Alarm and o/e


Event Printer 2 LAN-Interface 11kV Modem 132kV Modem
LA36W to LV SCMS
Repeater NSK NSK GPS
Master
Redundant Station LAN TCP-IP Repeater

Front-End Station Front-End Station


Computer 1 Computer 2
HP Color

Fallback Laserjet
RS232
Switch

Service
Modem Station Alarm Unit Station Alarm Unit
LDCs Interface from Station Computer 2 IEC870-5-101

LDCs Interface from Station Computer 1 IEC870-5-101


Manual
Switch

4 x Star Coupler
RER111 including
redundant
power supply
FO

Fibre optic station bus (LON) in star configuration

Control Protection AVR and tap control


T1 type REGSys Fault Monitoring System
Bay control unit Bay control unit 3Ph and neutral OC Bay control unit Differential protection Bay control unit Analog alarm unit Indactic I650 10 x 132kV
Main 2
BBP/BFP Central unit

REC316*4 REC316*4 SPAJ140C REC316*4 RET316*4 SPAJ110C Tertiary REC316*4 REB500


SACO16A3
Earth fault
Prot.

AVR and tap control


EF and OC T2 type REGSys Analog alarm unit
SPAJ110C SACO16A3
Line distance prot.
REL316*4 500RIO11 , 16DI
SACO16A3 R
SPAJ110C
Stand by
earth fault SPAJ110C Neutral
6 x 500RIO11 DI 4 x 11kV
overcurrent earth fault
Prot. Prot.
Main 1 10 x BBP/BFP Bay unit
AVR and tap control REB500
SACO64D4 Auxiliary alarm unit
SACO16A3 R SACO16A3 R T3 type REGSys
Phase and
SPAJ140C neutral SPAJ115C Restricted
SPAU140C overcurrent earth fault

Substation Automation System


Synchro-
Prot. Protection
SACO64D4 Auxiliary alarm unit
check

o/e

SAS570 Advanced
AVR and tap control
Siemens 7SD610 für T4 type REGSys
E19 Verbindung SPAJ110C Earth fault SPAJ115C SACO64D4 Auxiliary alarm unit
overcurrent Restricted
Prot. earth fault 1 x 500RIO11 DO
Protection
1 x spare

B69 SACO64D4 Auxiliary alarm unit


Überstrom 132kV Side 11kV Side

Bay control unit Pilot wire diff. prot.


Bay control unit Coaxial cable

(loose delivery) SOLKOR R/Rf. (loose delivery) (loose delivery) (loose delivery) (loose delivery)
4 x 132kV Cable Line 1 x 132kV Bus Coupler 4 x 132/11kV Transformer Feeder Trafo Interlocking AVR & Tap Control 132kV BBP / BFP 132kV Common Alarm FMS Fault Monitoring System

Industrial Automation Control system hierarchy 1.5 - 12


Centralized (Hierarchical) Control Architecture

Central Computer
(Mainframe)

Group Group Group


PLCs
Control Control Control

Sensors, Actors plant

Classical, hierarchical, centralized architecture.


The central computer only monitors and forwards commands to the PLCs

Industrial Automation Control system hierarchy 1.5 - 13


Decentralized Control System (DCS)

hierarchical
(vertical communication)

engineering operator
data logger
workstation workstation

peer-to-peer (horizontal communication)


plant bus

controller controller controller controller

field bus

plant

all controllers can communicate as peers (without going through a central master),
restricted only by throughput and modularity considerations.

Note: Honeywell's "DCS™" stands for "Distributed Control System", it is not a decentralized control system, but
a control system for the process industry.

Industrial Automation Control system hierarchy 1.5 - 14


Hierarchies are simple and traditional

Industrial Automation Control system hierarchy 1.5 - 15


but Distributed Control Systems reflect a more complex world....

Industrial Automation Control system hierarchy 1.5 - 16


Assessment

1. What is a bus and why do we have more than one of them


in a plant?
2. Name the parts of a typical hierarchical control system its
busses and controllers
3. How does the network hierarchy relate to the plant control
hierarchy?
4. What is the difference between a centralized and a
decentralized control system ?
Can this difference be seen from the outside ?
What are the (dis)advantages of the two approaches?

Industrial Automation Control system hierarchy 1.5 - 17

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen