Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Lecture 2
Pre-Planning/Strategic Planning & Crafting a
Strategy Stage. 26.02.2018
Pre-Planning Stage
Environmental Scanning
Holistic Exercise
Environmental analysis is a holistic exercise in the sense that it must
comprise a total view of the environment rather than a piecemeal view
of trends. It is a process of looking at the forest, rather than the trees.
Continuous Activity
The analysis of environment must be a continuous process rather than a
one – shot deal. Strategists must keep on tracking shifts in the overall
pattern of trends and carry out detailed studies to keep a close watch
on major trends.
Exploratory Process
Environmental analysis is an exploratory process. A large part of the
process seeks to explore the unknown terrain and the dimensions of
possible future. The emphasis must be on speculating systematically
about alternative outcomes, assessing probabilities, questioning
assumptions and drawing rational conclusions.
Techniques of Environmental Scanning
1. PESTEL analysis
2. SWOT analysis
3. ETOP
4. QUEST
5. EFE Matrix
6. CPM
PESTAL Analysis
PESTEL Analysis is a checklist to analyse the political, economic, socio-cultural,
technological, environmental and legal aspects of the environment.
CHECK LIST for PESTAL Analysis
SWOT Analysis
ETOP
G Government expenditures
X Exports
M Imports
GDP PER CAPITA CONCPTS AND COMAPRISON
Find the real GDP of two countries that you would like to
compare. Then find the total population of the same countries.
For example, the 2008 (estimated) GDP for the United States was
$14.33 trillion and its population was 304.5 million. The 2008
(estimated) GDP for Pakistan was $160.9 billion and its population
was 172.8 million.
Marginal
Price vs Marginal cost profit
Total Profit
How can senior managers of successful companies change their existing mental
models and paradigms to adapt to radical discontinuous change?
Ultimately, how can companies maintain threshold capability standards and
hence ensure competitive survival?