EKC 216 HEAT TRANSFER

• By : Expert group B
You Jin Jie(133695) Kishentar A/L Raja Kumar(133627)
Lim Ruei Jia(133633) Nor Zafirah Binti Zulkifli(133659)
Tan Ci Jun(133685) Mugelen A/L Rangasamy(133641)
Ho Hai Ping(133620) Neeruhsha A/P Muniandy(133655)
Chin Yoong Wei(133615) Siti Nurzalikha Binti Ahmad Zaini(133679)
Low Ting Peng(133636) Norshahirah Adina Binti Zainol Abidin
Nur Adira Amirna Binti Muhamad Amerr(133661)
Nur Rafiqah Binti Mohamad Tarji(133665)
Muhamad Aisar Nafiz Bin Aswan(133642)
Muhammad Akmal Bin Mohamed Ariffin(133647)
8-6 HEAT EXCHANGE
BETWEEN NON
BLACKBODIES
Non black bodies ?
Energy is not 100% absorbed - Some of them reflected to other surfaces
- Others are reflected out of the system
• Assumption:
Diffuse, gray, have uniform temperature and reflective and emissive properties are constant
over the surface.
• J = radiosity (out)
• G = irradiation (in)
𝐽 = 𝜀𝐸𝑏 − 𝜌𝐺 , 𝜌=1- 𝜀
= 𝜀𝐸𝑏 − (1− 𝜀)𝐺
𝜀−𝐴
𝑞= (𝐸𝑏 -J)
1−𝜀
𝐸𝑏 −𝐽
Or 𝑞=
(1−𝜀)/𝜀𝐴
• Surface resistance = (1 − 𝜀)/ 𝜀A
• Space resistance =1/ AiFij
Eb1 − Eb2
• qnet =
(1 −𝜀1)/𝜀1A1 + 1/A1F12 + (1 −𝜀2)/𝜀2A2
σ(T 4 1 − T 4 2 )
=
(1 −𝜀1)/𝜀1A1 + 1/A1F12 + (1 −𝜀2)/𝜀2A2
• Kirchhoff’s current law
-The sum of the currents entering a node is zero.
INSULATED SURFACES AND LARGE AREAS
• Perfectly insulated or reradiates all energy incident , R=0
• Large surface area, A ∞ and R ∞
Behaves like blackbody, 𝜀=1.0
𝐸𝑏 =J
• Surface 3 does not exchange energy.
SPECIAL CASE
• Surface 1 and 2 are convex, they do not see themselves
• F11=F22=0
• A1F12=A2F21
 8-7 INFINITE
PARALLEL SERIES
Convex object in large enclosure
Radiating exchange between 2 cylindrical surfaces
𝐴1𝜀1 ơ(𝑇14 −𝑇24 )
q= 1 𝐴1 1
+ ( −1)
𝜀 1 𝐴2 𝜀 2

Radiation heat transfer between 2 simple body, diffuse and gray body
1. Small convex object in large enclosure, where 𝐴1 Τ𝐴2 0
2. Infinite parallel series, where 𝐴1 = 𝐴2
3. Infinite concentric cylinders, where 𝐴1 Τ𝐴2 =𝑟1 Τ𝑟2 and 𝑟1 Τ𝑟2 0
4. Concentric spheres, where 𝐴1 Τ𝐴2 =(𝑟1 Τ𝑟2 )2
Apparent emmisivity of cavity
• Exchanges radiant energy with surrounding temperature, 𝑇𝑠 where 𝐴𝑠 >> 𝐴𝑜
• 𝐴𝑜 exchange heat with 𝐴𝑖 , 𝐹𝑜𝑖 =1.0
𝐴𝑜 𝐹𝑜𝑖 = 𝐴𝑖 𝐹𝑖𝑜 , where 𝐹𝑖𝑜 = 𝐹𝑖𝑠
𝐴𝑜 = 𝐴𝑖 𝐹𝑖𝑠
• 𝜀a = 𝜀iAi/[Ao + 𝜀i(Ai − Ao)]
• Limiting cases for 𝜀a :
𝜀a = 𝜀i for Ao = Ai or no cavity at all
𝜀a →1.0 for Ai >> Ao