Design of Columns

5-1
Design of Columns
- Column load transfer from beams and slabs

- Type of Columns

- Strength of Short Axially Loaded Columns

- Column Failure by Axial Load

Column load transfer from beams and slabs

1) Tributary area method:

Half distance to adjacent columns

Load on column = area ด floor load

y
Floor load = DL + LL

DL = slab thickness ด conc. unit wt.

x
Example: x = 5.0 m, y = 4.0 m, LL = 300 kg/m2, slab thickness = 10 cm

Floor load = 0.1(2,400) + 300 = 540 kg/m2

Load on column = (5.0)(4.0)(540) = 10,800 kg = 10.8 t

2) Beams reaction method:

Collect loads from adjacent beam ends

B1 B2

B4
RB1 RB2
B1 C1 B2
RB1 RB2

B3
 Load summation on column section for design

ROOF

Load on 2nd floor column

Design section
2nd FLOOR = Roof floor + Column wt.

Load on 1st floor column

Design section = load on 2nd floor column
+ 2nd floor + Column wt.
1st FLOOR Ground level

Load on pier column

Design section = load on 1st floor column
+ 1st floor + Column wt.
Footing
Buckling Defined
Euler’s Formula
Effective Length Concept
Effective Length Concept
Type of Columns

Tie Spiral

Longitudinal
steel
s = pitch

Tied column Spirally reinforced column

Strength of Short Axially Loaded Columns

Short columns are typical in most building columns.

P0

Steel
fy


Stress
f c
Section A-A A A Concrete

.001 .002 .003

Strain
 P0

[ SFy = 0 ]

P0  Ast fy  fc( Ag  Ast )

From experiment:
f c
P0  Ast fy  0.85fc( Ag  Ast )
fy fy
where
Fs = Ast fy
f Ag = Gross area of column section
Fc = (Ag - Ast) c
Ast = Longitudinal steel area

Column_08
 Column Failure by Axial Load
Pu


Heavy spiral
Initial failure
Pu ACI spiral
Light
Axial load

Tied column spiral

0
Axial deformation 
需要強度及強度折減係數

需要強度
U = 1.4D + 1.7L

U = 0.75(1.4D + 1.7L + 1.7W)

U = 0.9D + 1.3W

強度折減係數(f) :
螺旋箍筋柱 f = 0.75
橫箍筋柱 f = 0.70
柱鋼筋之配置

橫箍筋間距(s)
s ฃ 16 主筋直徑

s ฃ 48 箍筋直徑

s ฃ 柱之最小尺寸
 x x x x

x ฃ 15 cm x > 15 cm

x x x x

x x

x x

x ฃ 15 cm x > 15 cm
Initial shape Pu
f2
Spiral

Final shape
f2

Increase of compressive strength due to lateral pressure:

ff  fc  4.1f2
Good design: Strength lost by spalling = Strength gain from f2

( Ag  Acore )(0.85fc)  Acore (4.1f2 ) 1

 hcore

Core
s
s

Ab fy
Spiral f2
Ab fy
[ SFx = 0 ] hcore s f2 = 2 Ab fy

2 Ab fy
f2  2
hcores
2 1

 Ag  4.1(2 Abfy )
  1 (0.85fc)  3
 Acore  hcores
 Ab hcore 4 Ab
Define: s  
( hcore / 4)s hcores
2

s 3

0.42fc  Ag 
s    1
fy  Acore 

Rounding 0.42 to 0.45,

0.45fc  Ag 
ACI Code: s    1
fy  Acore 
1) fy ฃ 4,000 kg/cm2

2) Spiral diameter ณ 10 mm

3) 2.5 cm ฃ Clear spacing ฃ 7.5 cm