Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Professor
School of Mechanical and Building Sciences
Vellore Institute of Technology-University
Vellore 632014
Definition
A composite material is a multi-
component system with at least a matrix
and a reinforcement.
The desired properties must be better than
at least one of the constituents.
The constituents are normally physically
separable , with a line of heterogeneity
between them, called the interface.
Contents
Applications
Micromechanics
Meso and Macromechanics
Modelling and Simulation
Mechanical Testing
Fracture, Failure Theories and Design
Design Philosophy
Summary
Composites in Wind Energy
www.suzlon.com , www.ge.com
Vestas RRB
Composites in Storage
7875X10
x 1066 cycles
cyles ofof heart
heart beat
beat
over 25 years
Composites in Dentistry
Can you make out the
difference ?
VTOL Aircraft
Ref: B.K. Parida, RMVGK Rao and K. Padmanabhan , Proceedings of the third joint
National Aerospace Laboratories- Chinese Aircraft Establishment workshop on
composites, April 22-24, Bangalore, India, 1996, p9. & NAL website
Composites - Sports & Leisure
Composite Yatch
-
Anonymous
Micromechanics is where
design begins !
The Fibre-Resin Micro bond
A drop of the cured resin on the Fibre pullout test through a micro
fibre surface showing adhesion vise design fixture
Micro bond Bundle Pull-out Test
le Matrix
37 MPa
Where,
σ11 = X ( tensile / compressive) stress in MPa
σ22 = Y ( tensile / compressive) stress in MPa
τ12 = Shear stress in MPa
SLt = Longitudinal tensile strength in MPa
STt = Transverse tensile strength in MPa
SLts = In-plane shear strength in MPa
Tsai – Wu Failure Theory
F1 σ11 + F2 σ22 + F6 τ12+ F11 σ112+ F22 σ222+ F66 τ122+2 F12 σ11σ22 = 1
Where,
Other parameters / symbols appear on the previous slide,
SLc = Longitudinal compressive strength in MPa
STc = Transverse compressive strength in MPa.
ASTM STP D 5229 M Rule
The MOT( Maximum Operating Temperature)
of the material, device/component should be
at least 25 º Celsius lower than the lowest Tg
(normally wet) of the material attained after
hygrothermal equillibration. All the polymeric
materials and their composites must satisfy
this rule in order to qualify for certification for
reliability and durability.
Sandwich Core Materials
Foam
Honey
comb
Sandwich Showing Core and
Skin –Core Interfacial Failure
Carbon nanotubes
The SWNT has a Tensile Modulus of 1-5 TPa and a Tensile Strength of 13-53
GPa at an elongation of 16 %. A 0. 50 Vf composite , in theory will have a tensile
strength and a modulus around half as much, assuming that the matrix is weak !
Design Philosophy- Design
Properties
Strength, Stiffness, Toughness, Fatigue,
Creep, Impact and Damage tolerance
Dimensions, Weight, Tolerances
Judicious use of drafts, radii, fillets, webs,
ribs, blends, chamfers and curves for
specific properties
Ease of assembly, disassembly and
service
Aesthetics, colouring and texturing
Design Philosophy-
Manufacturing Properties
Forming temperature, Glass transition, Melting
point, Rate of solidification
Energy required to form, Whether batch process
possible? , Pressure required
Flow behaviour, Viscosity, Melt flow index
Mouldability and Castability, Workability
Fabrication of Complex Parts, Time
Curing/Solidification Shrinkage in the Mould
Materials properties, Availability, Toxicity, Safety
Design Philosophy-
Customer Requirements
Quality, Cost, Durability ( low moisture
absorption), Reliability ( low degradation of
properties with time)
Efficiency : Better properties at lighter
weight and less money, Value
Flexibility : Multi functionality
Low maintenance cost
Aesthetics, textures in Design
Design Philosophy
Pyramidal Substantiation
Thirukkural
Athikaaram 36