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Pragmatism
Derived the word from the
Greek PRAGMATIKOS or
PRAKTIKOS
It can be traced from the
term PRAGMA which
means practice
It is a philosophy which says that the meaning, value and
truth of an idea, theory, or belief are determined by their
practical consequences, and that the function of thought is
to produce or to guide action
Pioneers of Pragmatism
Charles Sanders Peirce
American Philosopher, logician,
mathematician, and scientist
Father of Pragmatism
The crux of his pragmatism is that for
any statement to be meaningful, it
must have practical bearings
John Dewey
American philosopher and
educator
Father of Modern Experiential
Education
He wanted students to learn
through experience, and to
thing and reflect critically on
their experience
“Education is not preparation
for life, education is life itself”
William James
Father of Idealism
He believed that perfect truth,
beauty and wisdom exist in the
world of forms and ideas which can
only be reached through the power
of reason and the human mind
George Berkeley
The unity of the world and world ground, that is, the
world and the Absolute are one
Truth id subjectivity
Nation
is often times being confused to
a term of a state, refers to a
permanent and historically
developed community who live in
a territory and share many
things in common
Government
Is an organization of people
within the state which directs
or controls the affairs of the
state
Sovereignty
Contract Theory
This theory is based on the
assumption that there was a time
when men lived in a state of
nature, that is without government,
laws or any social restrictions
Instinctive Theory
It asserts that the state is neither
originated from God nor resulted
from the agreement of men
it is believed to have originated
from the natural and inherent
need of man to associate with
other men to live in an organized
society
Patriarchal or Matriarchal Theory
It traces the origins of the state to
the family where the father or
mother is the respected authority
Force Theory
It is believed that the state is a
result of necessity and force
The strong and brave fight for
supremacy; the weak is
subjugated and given protection
by the mighty
Historical or Evolutionary Theory
This theory suggests that the state
is the result of God’s design, or of a
social contract, or of man’s instinct,
or of force, or of family expansion
are deemed inadequate
explanations by modern scientist
and students of political science
Elements of the State
People
The mass of the population living within the state
Territory
Demarcated area that rightly belongs to the
population
Terrestrial, Fluvial, Maritime and aerial
Should be permanent and large enough to be
self-sufficing
Government
Refers to the agency to which the will of the state
is formulated, expressed, and carried out
Normally consists of Legislature, Executive,
and Judiciary
It is the system or group of people governing an
organized community
Sovereignty
Socialistic Theory
Wherein it insist that the functions of the
government should not be restricted but maximized
as much as it is possible
Ends of a State
can be considered through the
disintegration of the following such as
security, justice, liberty and welfare
Forms of Government
Monarchy
Is a form of government in which supreme and
final authority is in the hands of a single person
either a king or queen
If it is a cruel leader they call this ruler as a tyrant
or despot
Aristocracy
"rule of the best“
It is a government rule by a few elite citizens
Oligarchy
- In which Aristotle considered to be the
corrupted form of aristocracy)
- Whose primary motives is for their own
self-vested interests alone
Democracy
The rule of the majority and the most ideal
government for all free citizens
Dictatorial