PHYSIOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS

OF INDIA
….ASSETS OF INDIA
 GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA…

The geography of India describes the physical

features of India:-
(a). THE HIMALAYAN MOUNTAINS
(b). THE NORTHERN PLAINS
(c). THE PENINSULAR PLATEAU
(d). THE INDIAN DESERT
(e). THE COASTAL PLAINS
(f). THE ISLANDS
A mountain is a large landform that
stretches above the surrounding land in a
limited area usually in the form of a peak.
A mountain is generally steeper than a
hill. The study of mountains is called
Orography. A great arc of mountains,
consisting of the Himalayas, Hindu Kush,
and Patkai ranges define the northern
Indian subcontinent. These were formed
by the ongoing tectonic collision of the
Indian Plate with the Eurasian Plate that
started around 50 million years ago. The
mountains in these ranges act as a natural
barrier to cold polar winds. They also
facilitate the monsoon winds. Rivers
originating in these mountains, flow
through the fertile Indo–Gangetic plains.
India has eight major mountain ranges having peaks
of over 1,000 m (3,281 ft):

The Himalayan range is considered as the world's

highest mountain range, with its tallest peak Mt.
Everest on the Nepal–China border. They form India's
northeastern border, separating it from northeastern
Asia. They are one of the world's youngest mountain
ranges The Himalayas extend from Jammu and Kashmir
in the west to Arunachal Pradesh in the east.
Kanchenjunga—on the Sikkim–Nepal border—is the
highest point in the area administered by India. Most
peaks in the Himalayas remain snowbound throughout
the year. The Himalayas act as a barrier to the frigid
katabatic winds flowing down from Central Asia. Thus,
North India is kept warm or only mildly cooled during
winter; in summer, the same phenomenon makes India
relatively hot.
The Karakoram is situated in the disputed state of Jammu and Kashmir.
The Patkai, or Purvanchal, are situated near India's eastern border with
Myanmar. They were created by the same tectonic processes which led to the
formation of the Himalayas. The physical features of the Patkai mountains are
conical peaks, steep slopes and deep valleys.

The Vindhya range runs across most of central India. They are formed by the
wastes created by the weathering of the ancient Aravali mountains.
The Satpura Range is triangular in shape, runs parallel to the Vindhya Range.
The Aravali Range is the oldest mountain range in India.

The Western Ghats or Sahyadri mountains run along the western edge of India's
Deccan Plateau and the Eastern Ghats are a discontinuous range of mountains,
which have been eroded by the four major rivers of southern India, the Godavari,
Mahanadi, Krishna, and Kaveri.
 Fold mountains
Fold mountains are the most common type of mountains. They are formed due to collision
of two plates, causing folding of the Earth's crust. Examples of fold mountains are the
Himalayas of Asia and the Alps in Europe.
Fault-Block mountains
fault-block mountains are formed when blocks of rock materials slide along faults in the
Earth's crust. There are two types of block mountains, namely the lifted and tilted. Examples of
fault-block mountains are found in the Sierra Nevada mountain range of the western United
States.
Volcanic mountains
Volcanic mountains are formed due to volcanic eruptions where magma piles up on the
surface of the Earth. Examples of volcanoes include Mount Fuji in Japan and Mount
Pinatubo in the Philippines.
Dome mountains
Dome mountains are formed when the hot magma rises from the mantle and uplifts the
overlying sedimentary layer of the Earth's crust. An example of a dome mountain is
Navajo Mountain in the U.S. state of Utah.
Plateau mountains
Plateau mountains are pseudo mountains that are formed because of erosion. They usually
occur near folded mountain ranges. An example of a plateau mountain is the Adirondack
Mountains in the U.S. state of New York.
 EARTHQUAKE
 LANDSLIDES
 VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS
 CLOUD BURST
AVALAUNCH
HAIL STORM
What is a Desert Like?
The hot desert is a land of extremes: extreme heat
and extreme dryness; sudden flash floods and cold
nights. Deserts are such a harsh environment
In the desert, there may be only a few periods of
rains per year with a lot of time between rains.

Dryness
Deserts are usually very, very dry. Even the wettest
deserts get less than ten inches of precipitation a year.

Hot During the Day, Cool at Night

During the day many deserts are hot, very hot. Temperatures in excess of
100 degrees Fahrenheit are not uncommon. Yet at night, the same deserts
can have temperatures fall into the40s or 50s.There are 2 types of deserts –
hot and cold
 Where Are Deserts Located?

Many deserts are found in bands along 30 degrees latitude north and
30 degrees latitude south Some deserts located by mountains and are
caused by the "rainshadow" effect.

Flora & Fauna

Deserts are the home to many living things. In fact, deserts

are second only to tropical rainforests in the variety of plant
(Barrel Cactus , Old Man Cactus , Saguaro ) and animal
species (Addax Cactus Wren Desert Larkthat ) live there.
Some fauna includes the kangaroo rat, coyote, jack rabbit,
and many lizards. Some flora includes shrubs, Prickly Pears,
Desert Holly, and the Brittlebush. Most desert plants are
drought- or salt-toleran.
 DROUGHTS
 EARTHQUAKE
 DUST STORMS
 TORNADO
A coastal plain is an area of flat, low-lying land
adjacent to a seacoast and separated from the
interior by other features. These are divided into
two namely:

 WESTERN COASTAL PLAINS

 EASTERN COASTAL PLAINS
The Eastern Coastal Plains refer to a wide
stretch of landmass of India, lying between the
Eastern Ghats and the Bay of Bengal. It
stretches from Tamil Nadu in the south to West
Bengal in the north. Its average width is 120 km.
The Eastern Coastal Plain is divided into two parts.
The northern part is known as the Northern Circars
while the southern part is called the Coromandel
Coast.
The Western Coastal Plains is a thin strip of coastal
plain 50 kilometers (31 mi) in width between the west
coast of India and the Western Ghats hills. The plains
begin at Gujarat in the north and end at Kerala in
the south. It also includes the states of Maharashtra,
Goa and Karnataka. The Western Coastal
Plain is divided into three parts-the
Gujarat Coast towards the north the
Konkan coast in the middle and the
Malabar Coast towards the south.
TSUNAMI
 CYCLONE
 HIGH TIDES
 FLOODS
• The Peninsular Plateau of India, is the biggest part
comprising the most of the area of southern portion
of the nation. The Plateau stretches over eight
states in India and covers a broad variety of
environments, encompassing the majority of the
Central and South Indian regions. It is lying in the
middle of three mountain ranges; the Eastern
Ghats , the Western Ghats and the Vindhya and
Satpura Mountain Ranges. The Deccan Plateau is
dissevered from the Gangetic Basin. The
Peninsular Plateau can be broadly categorized into
the Central Highlands and the Deccan Plateau.
DECCAN PLATEAU

The Deccan Plateau stretches

over eight states in India and
covers a broad variety of
environments, encompassing
the majority of the Central
and South Indian regions.
Central Highlands
 The northern segment of the peninsular
cluster is known as the Central Highlands,
despite the fact that they are not really so
high. It was formed from hard metamorphic
and igneous . This is named as the Malwa
Plateau. In Southern Bihar, it is known as
Chota Nagpur Plateau. The southern
tributaries of the Ganga River and Yamuna
River drain the plateau
• EARTHQUAKE
• VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS
 AN ISLAND
IS ANY
PIECE OF
SUB-
CONTINENTAL
LAND THAT IS
SURROUNDED
BY WATER
There are
two main
types of Continental
islands: islands are
bodies of land
that lie on the
continental
continental Oceanic
islands are
shelf of a
continent
islands ones that do
not sit on
continental
shelves. The
vast majority
are volcanic in
 oceanic origin

islands
.
 Andaman AND Nicobar Islands
Lakshadweep
Islands of the Cauvery River

Chorao, Goa

Diu
Minicoy Island (disputed with
the Maldives)
Islands of Mumbai Harbour
Rameswaram
VOLCANIC ERUTION
TSUNAMI
CYCLONE
FLOODS
TORNADO
 The great plains are classified into four divisions:

 The Bhabar belt is adjacent to the foothills of the

Himalayas.
 The Terai belt lies south of the adjacent Bhabar
region.
 The Bangar belt consists of older alluvium.
 The Khadar belt lies in lowland areas after the
Bangar belt.
 DIVISIONS

Some geographers subdivide the

Indo-Gangetic Plain into several
parts: the Indus Valley, the Punjab
Plain, the Haryana Plains, and the
middle and lower Ganges.
• TWISTERS
• EARTHQUAKE
• DROUGHTS
• FLOODS
• THUNDERSTORMS
EFFECTS OF DISASTERS
 Disaster is defined as the occurrence of a sudden or
major misfortune, which disrupts the basic fabric and
normal functioning of a society (community).
 It is commonly believed that disasters have an
increased negative impact on people with severe
mental illness. People with psychiatric disorders and
severe mood disorders are more vulnerable and less
able than others to cope effectively with disaster
related stressors. However, this may not always be
the case, particularly for those who are in treatment.
Several studies have shown that people with severe
psychiatric disorders, whether hospitalized or
outpatient, are not necessarily prone to greater
distress following a disaster.
 CONTRIBUTION
Each student is marked out of 20%.
• AKSHITA NAGPAL - 18%
• DRISHIKA CHHABRA - 10%
• KRITIKA GROVER- 5%
• RIDHI KAPOOR - 2%
• SONAKSHI VERMA – 20%
BY GROUP No. 8