GROUP 6

MODEL
Point
vIn geometry, topology and related branches of
mathematics a spatial point describes a specific object
within a given space that consists of neither volume,
area, length, nor any other higher dimensional analogue.
Thus, a point is a 0-dimensional object. Because of their
nature as one of the simplest geometric concepts, they
are often used in one form or another as the
fundamental constituents of geometry, physics, vector
graphics, and many other fields.
vA dot is the simplest representation of a point.

vA single letter is used to name a point

Points in A

the model

G F E
B C D

M L k
T
H I J

S R Q

N O P
 COLLINEAR
AND
NON - COLLINEAR
POINTS
Collinear Points
vPoints lying on the same line are Collinear Points

A B C

Non - Collinear
vPoints that do not lie on the same line are
non- collinear points.

U,P,T are non-collinear points

vThree non-collinear points forms a triangle
Collinear points
in the model

G F E
B C D

M L k
H I J

S R Q
N O P
 Non Collinear A, B, D

Points in the B, G, A
A, D, E

B, C, H Model G,M,L
B, C, I M,F,L
H, C, I G,F,M
B, H, I G, F, L
C, D, I F,L,K
I, D, J E,L,K
J, I, C F,E,K
F,E,L
H, I, N
O,N, H M,S,R
H, I, O L,R,S
I, O, N M,L,S
M,L,R
I, O, J
L,R,Q
J,O,P
R,Q,K
P,I,O
L,R,K
Lines
vLines are an idealization of objects and
have no width or height at all and are
usually considered to be infinitely long.
vWhen geometry is used to model the
real world, lines are used to represent
straight objects with negligible width and
height.

Line Segment
vA line segment is a part of a line
that is bounded by two distinct end
points and contains every point on the
line between its end points.
Parallel Lines
vLines that do not intersect at a certain point.

A B

C D

AB // CD
rallel Lines in the mod
BC // HI

CD // IJ

HI //
NO
IJ // OP

GF //
ML
FE // LK

ML //
SR
LK //
RQ
BH // CI

CI // DJ

HN // IO

IO // JP
GM // FL
FL // EK

MS // LR
LR // KQ
BH // GM
CI // FL

DJ // EK

HN // MS

IO // LR

JP // KQ
Intersecting Lines
vLines that intersect at one point

A B

E
D
C

AC intersects DB at point E
Intersecting Lines
in the model
vHJ intersects CO at Point I

vMK intersects FR at point L

Skew Lines
vare lines that do not intersect and that
are on different planes.
F
E

A B

G H

C D

vAB and FH are Skew Lines

Some Skew Lines
in the model
BC and FL

CI and FE

MS and NO
JP and RQ
Plane
vA plane is any flat, two-dimensional surface

vA plane is a set of point which all lie in a

flat surface that extends indefinitely in all
direction
To determine a plane
vThree non-collinear points determine a plane
v
vTwo parallel lines determine a plane
v
vTwo distinct intersecting line determines a
plane
Planes in the Model
qB, A, D qJ, P, Q, K
qB, A, G
qG, A, E
qD, A, E
qB, N, P, D
qG, S, Q, E
qB, H, C, I
qC, I, J, D
qG, M, L, F
qF, L, E, K
qH, N, O, I
qI, O, P, J
qM, S, R, L
qL, R, K, Q
qB, N, S, D
qD, P, Q, E
qM, G, B, H
Angles An angle is a figure formed by two rays
with a common end point.

G
E

vTwo rays extending infinitely in the space are the sides of the angle.

GA and GE are two sides of angle AGE.

vThe common end point of the two sides of the angle is called the
vertex.
Point G is the vertex of angle AGE
Parts of an angle
vThe corner point of an angle is
called the vertex

vAnd the two straight sides

are called arms

vThe angle is the amount of

turn between each arm.
Naming an Angle
ØAn angle is named using a number, vertex, or the vertex
and two points in each side of the angle. A

ØThis angle can be named as

1
vAngle AOB or AOB G
vAngle O or O E
vAngle 1 or 1

ØIf three letters is used, the middle letter is the vertex of

the angle.
e.g In angle AGE, G is the vertex.
ØIf one letter is used, it is the vertex of the angle.
e.g In angle G, G is the vertex
ØIf a number appears at its vertex, then angle AGE or angle
O is also named as angle 1
Types of Angles
vRight Angle vAcute Angle
van angle that is less
vAn angle that is exactly
than 90°
90°

vObtuse Angle vReflex Angle

van angle that is greater van angle that is greater
than 90° but less than 180° than 180°

vStraight Angle
van angle that is 180° exactly
 Angles in the figure

Acute
Angle
Straight
Angle

Reflex
Obtuse
Angle
Angle

Right
Angle
 Triangles A triangle is one of the basic shapes
of geometry: a polygon with three
corners or vertices and three sides or
edges which are line segments.
Triangles can be classified:

According to the relative length of their siz

ØEQUILATERAL ØISOSCELES ØSCALENE

•In an equilateral
•In an isosceles triangle, In an scalene
triangle all sides have
two sides are equal in length triangle, all sides
the same length. An
equilateral triangle is are not equal.
also a regular polygon
with all angles
measuring 60°.
•
 vBy internal angles
vRIGHT TRIANGLE vOBLIQUE TRIANGLE
A right triangle has one of its Triangles that do not have an angle that
interior angles measuring 90° measures 90°

vACUTE TRIANGLE vOBTUSE TRIANGLE

A triangle that has all A triangle that has one angle that
interior angles measuring measures more than 90°
less than 90°
riangles in the figure

Isosceles
Triangle
and
Acute
Triangle

Right
Triangle
Pyramid

is a structure where the outer surfaces are triangular and converge

at a point. The base of a pyramid can be trilateral, quadrilateral, or
any polygon shape, meaning that a pyramid has at least three
triangular surfaces (at least four faces including the base). The
square pyramid, with square base and four triangular outer surfaces,
is a common version.
Cube

vIn geometry, a cube is a three-dimensional solid object

bounded by six square faces, facets or sides, with three
meeting at each vertex.
Rectangular Prism

vIn a rectangular cuboid, all angles are right angles, and opposite

faces of a cuboid are equal. It is also a right rectangular prism.
The term "rectangular or oblong prism" is ambiguous. Also the
term rectangular parallelepiped or orthogonal parallelepiped is used.
REFERENCE
vhttp://www.icoachmath.com/SiteMap/CollinearPoints.html
v
vhttp://www.mathsisfun.com/angles.html
v
v http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plane_%28geometry%29
v
vhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_%28geometry%29
v
vhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangle
v
vhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyramid
v
v
END