Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
earthquake
Tsunami
Geomorpho
complete sequence of processes of
creation and movement of magma + Volcanism
creation of volcanic landforms
Volcanism is not random
Reason associated with volcanism
is also not random
Distribution of Volcanism
1st
Pacific Ring of Fire
O-O convergence
O-C convergence
Plate movements
Intrusive Landforms
Intrusion of Magma in sedimentary rocks
Sills (Horizontal)
Dyke (Vertical)
Laccolith – magma which could not come out
Lopolith – saucer-shaped
Phacolith – shape like waves
Batholith – intrusive granitic rock
Extrusive volcanic Landforms
Volcanic Shield
Plateau volcano
Extrusive
Volcanic
Cinder vol.
cones
Composite
vol.
Lava plateaus
Hot spot volcano on
continental crust
Cracks on continental crust –
Basaltic eruption
Spread across the land
Layer over layer
EX. Deccan lava trapps
Indian Deccan trap
Indian plate passed over a hot
spot near Reunion Island
Basaltic eruption
Layer over layers – looks like
steps => Deccan lava traps
Soil – black soil ‘regur’
Spatial distribution of Lava Plateau
List of lava plateaus of the world
Columbia-snake plateau, USA Deccan plateau, India
Ozark plateau, USA Arabian plateau
Parana-Patagonia, S. America Balkan plateau, Europe
Adamawa plateau, Africa Siberian plateau, Russia
Bie plateau, Africa Yunan Plateau, China
Katanga Plateau, Africa Shan plateau, Myanmar
Kimberly plateau, Australia
Extrusive volcanic Landforms
Volcanic Shield
Plateau volcano
Extrusive
Volcanic
Cinder vol.
cones
Composite
vol.
Shield / Dome volcano
Volcanic Islands (Hot
spot)
Highly fluid lava
(basaltic) build dome
Gentle slope
Quite volcano
Volcanoes of Hawaii
Cinder cones
O-C collision – volcanic
mountains
Less fluid lava
(Andesitic) explode
violently
Viscous lava solidifies at
short distance
Mt. Paricutin, Mexico
Composite Cones
Volcanic mountains
Each new eruption – new layers
of ash or lava
earthquake
Tsunami
Geomorpho
Sudden movement or vibration in
earth’s crust. Earthquake
earthquake
Tsunami
Geomorpho
Submarine EQ
Sudden disturbances of underlying Tsunami
plates transmit the shock waves to
surface waves
comparison
Speed – 100 kmph Speed – 700 kmph
Cover shorter distances Cover longer distances
Wavelength ~100 km Wavelength – > 150 km