Welcome to Our Presentation

Submitted By:
NAME ID NO
Shova Saha Ev 16013030
Mousheta Jahan Ev 16013038
A. K. M. Asif Ahmed Ev 16013040
Sharmin Siddiquie Ev 16013042
Md. Ashraf Uddin Chowdhury Ev 16013048

Bangladesh University of Professionals

Mirpur Cantonment, Dhaka-1216
Introduction to LAW,
Contract & Agreement
 What is LAW
A law is the highest form of rule that protects individuals by
determining what is acceptable behavior and conduct. Laws are
considered as a fundamental element of civilized society .
 Definition of LAW
Law is a system of rules that are created
and enforced through social or governmental
institutions to regulate human behavior.

 Characteristic of Law
•Rules and principles
•Enforced by an authority
•To control human behavior
 Types of LAW
International
Law

Criminal
Administrative
Law
Law
Labor Property
Law Law

Business
Human Law
Right Law
 Classification of LAW

 Civil law and Criminal law

Private law and Public law
Common law and Civil law
 Common Law & Civil Law
 Common Law
Describe legal systems based on the English legal system.

Example: United States, England, Australia, Canada,

India etc.

 Civil Law
Describe legal systems which are based on old Roman Law

Example: China, Japan, Germany etc.

 Private Law & Public Law
 Private Law
Deals with the relationship between individuals.

Example: Law of Contract, Law of Tort.

 Public Law

Deals with the relationship between individuals & states.

Example: Administrative ,Constitutional and Criminal law.

 Civil Law & Criminal Law
 Civil Law
Civil law deals with the disputes between individuals, organizations,
or between the two.
• Compensation is awarded to the victim.
Example: Child custody proceedings & Property disputes.

 Criminal Law
Deals with crime and the legal punishment of criminal
offenses.
• Punishment is given to the offender .

Example: Bank robbery, Theft , Murder etc.

 Law & Value
Law is created to reflect and promote a society’s value.

Moral Social

Economic Political
 Fundamental rules of Law
 No man is punishable except for breach of law.
 No man is above the law.
 The result of statutes and judicial decisions determining the
rights of private persons.
Purpose & Function of Law

Establishing Standards

Maintaining Order

Resolving Disputes

Protecting Liberties and Rights

 Importance of Law
• Provide proper guideline and order upon the behavior for all
the citizens

•Strong legal system that is put in place to protect us from

people intent on physically harming us.

• Without law there will be conflict between social groups and

communities.
 Importance of Law
• Law plays an important indirect role in regard to social
change by shaping a direct impact in the society. For example:
Setting up compulsory education system

•Law plays an agent of modernization and social change. For

example: a law designed to prohibit polygamy.
 Source of Law

Constitutions Legislatures Judiciaries

International International
Custom
Treaties Organizations

Religion
 Business Law
It helps us to regulate and manage
our businesses transactions and
activities system.

It has direct relation with trade,

industry and commerce. e.g.
insurance act, contract act, tax act,
scale off goods act, agency act etc.
 Business Law

Contract

Arbitration
Sale of
Goods

Business
Law

Insurance Partnership

Insolvency
Sources of Business Law

English Mercantile Law

 The Statute Law
 Judicial Decisions or Precedents
 Custom and Usages
 Uniformity of Law
No Uniform • No single, uniform international commercial law
Law governing foreign business transactions exists

• International marketers must comply with the laws of

Comply each country within which it operates

Complex legal • The legal systems of different countries are so disparate

system and complex

• Best to get expert legal advice when doing business in

Legal Advice another country
 Contract

A contract is an agreement between two parties that

creates an obligation to perform (or not perform) a
particular duty.
 Contract

Promise Consideration Agreement

 Contract

Offer/
Proposal
Acceptance Promise
 Contract

Legal Obligation

All contracts are agreements but

all agreements are not contracts.
 Contract

Agreement Enforceable by Law Contract

Essential Elements of a Valid Contract

 Offer and acceptance

 Intention to create legal relationship
 Lawful consideration
 Capacity of parties
 Free consent
Essential Elements of a Valid Contract

 Lawful object
 Writing and registration
 Certainty
 Possibility of performance
 Not expressed declared void
 Types of Contract
 Based on Enforceability

Valid contract

Voidable contract

Void contract

Unenforceable contract

Illegal or unlawful contract

 Types of Contract
 Based on Formation

Expressed contract

Implied contract

Quasi/ Constructive contract

 Types of Contract
 Based on Performance

Executed contract

Executory contract
 Conclusion
 Law encourages us to “do the right thing”
 Punishes those who violate society’s values.
 It is essential for up keeping of peace in the
society.
Thanks !