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FUNDAMENTALS
LECTURE # 01
Introduction to Computer
What is Computer ?
2
Components of a Computer
Computer
Hardware Software
Physical Devices Instructions & Data
3
Hardware
Hardware refers to the physical things that go
together to make a computer.
Components of a PC
Application Software
7
Examples
Windows®, UNIX®, Mac OS X®
Memory Management
Computer Organization Basics
Input / Output Devices
Input Devices
Accepts information from the user and
transforms it to digital codes that the
computer can process
Example: keyboard, mouse, scanner
Output Devices
An interface by which the computer conveys
the output to the user
Example: monitor, printer
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Does most of the work in executing a program
The CPU inside a PC is usually the microprocessor
3 main parts:
Control Unit
Fetch instructions from main memory and put them in the
instruction register
ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit)
Execute arithmetic operations
Registers
Temporarily store instructions or data fetched from memory
Central Processing Unit
Brains of the computer Executes program instructions!
Arithmetic/Logic Unit performs arithmetic operations, and
makes logical comparisons
Control Unit decodes and executes your instructions
1001
y 12.5 1002
1003
1004
Temperature 32 1005
1006
Letter 'c' 1007
Number - 1008
1009
Memory Organization