REFRESHER

COMM1
(dB Noise and MODULATION)
1. A portion in a communications system, which processes the information so that
it will become suitable to the characteristic of the transmission medium
a. Encoder
b. Modulation
c. Transmitter
d. Multiplexer

2. Signal whose physical quantity varies continuously with time

a. Digital CHANNEL
b. Analog
c. Discrete
d. Information

sourceinformation
3. Digital transmitter
is processed with a specifiedreceiver
degree of destination
a. Fidelity
b. Accuracy
c. Sensitivity
d. Correctness

4. Indicate the voltage level in dB with reference to one volt. This unit is used in
video or TV measurement
a. dBW
b. dBk
c. dBm
d. dBV
5. When the power ratio of the output to input of a circuit is 200. What is the gain in
dB?
a. 23
b. 46
c. -23
d. -46

6. What is the reference level for random noise measurement, FIA weighted?
a. – 82 dBm
b. – 90 dBm
c. – 85 dBm
d. – 77 dBm

7. A 10 db pad has an output level of -3dBm. The level at the input is:
a. 13 dBm
b. – 7 dBm
c. 1 dBm
d. 7 dBm

8. A power level of 50 μW could be expressed as:

a. 1.69 dBm
b. – 4.3 dBm
c. 1 dBm
d. – 13 dBm
9. A system having an input power of 2 mW an output power of 0.8 mW has a loss of:
a. 2.98 dBm
b. 3.98 dB
c. 3.98 μW
d. 1.98 mW

10. Is the reduction of signal amplitude as it passed over the transmission medium?
a. Noise
b. Distortion
c. Attenuation
d. Interface

11. Signal waveform perturbation or deviation caused by imperfect response of the system to
the desired signal
a. Noise
b. Aliasing
c. Distortion
d. Interference

12. Signal attenuation can be corrected by

a. Filtering
b. Modulation
c. Equalization
d. Amplification
13. Signal contamination by extraneous or external sources, such as, other
transmitters, power lines and machinery.
a. Noise
b. Distortion
c. Harmonics
d. Interference

14. Which noise figure represents the lowest noise?

a. 1.5 dB
b. 2.0 dB
c. 3.7 dB
d. 4.1 dB

15. Denote the interference of noise in dB above an adjusted reference noise. The
adjusted reference noise level was a 1 kHz tone, set at – 85 dBm
a. dBa
b. dBm
c. dBa0
d. pWp

16. A more precise evaluation of the quality of a receiver as far as noise is concerned.
a. S/N
b. VSWR
c. Noise factor
d. Noise margin
17. Noise figure for an amplifier with noise is always
a. 0 dB
b. Infinite
c. Less than 1
d. Greater than 1

18. A passive circuit, usually consisting of capacitance and/or inductance, that is

inserted in series with the a-c power cord of an electronic device which allow the
60-Hz current to pass and suppressed high frequency noise components.
a. Noise filter
b. Noise limiter
c. Noise floor
d. Noise quieting

19. A circuit often used in radio receivers that prevents externally generated noise
from exceeding certain amplitude. They are also called noise clippers.
a. Noise floor
b. Noise filter
c. Noise limiter
d. Noise clamper

20. Extra-terrestrial noise is observable at frequencies from

a. 0 to 20 KHz
b. 8 Mhz to 1.43 GHz
c. 5 to 8 GHz
d. 15 to 60 MHz
 Modulating signal
21. Which of the following is not true about AM?
a. The carrier amplitude varies.
b. The carrier frequency remains constant.
c. The carrier frequency changes.
d. The information signal amplitude changes carrier
the carrier amplitude.

22. Modulator circuit performs what mathematical operation on its two inputs?
a. Addition
b. Multiplication
c. Division
d. Square root Amplitude
modulated signal

23. If m is greater than 1, what happens?

a. Normal operation
b. Carrier drops to zero
c. Carrier frequency shifts
d. Information signal is distorted

24. The outline of the peaks of a carrier has the shape of the modulating signal and is
called the
a. Trace
b. Waveshape
c. Envelope
d. Carrier variation
25. The values of Vmax and Vmin as read from an AM wave on an oscilloscope are 2.8
and 0.3. The percentage of the modulation is
a. 10.7 percent
b. 41.4 percent
c. 80.6 percent
d. 93.3 percent

26. A carrier of 880 kHz is modulated by a 3.5-kHz sine wave. The LSB and USB are
respectively,
a. 873 and 887kHz
b. 876.5 and 883.5 kHz
c. 883.5 and 876.5 kHz
d. 887 and 873 kHz

27. For 100 percent modulation, what percentage of carrier power is in each
sideband?
a. 25 percent
b. 33.3 percent
c. 50 percent
d. 100 percent

28. An AM signal has a carrier power of 5W. The percentage of modulation is 80

percent. The total sideband power is
a. 0.8 W
b. 1.6 W
c. 2.5 W
d. 4.0 W
29. An AM transmitter antenna current is measured with no modulation and found to be 2.6
amperes. The percentage of modulation is
a. 35 percent
b. 70 percent
c. 42 percent
d. 89 percent

30. The typical audio modulating frequency range used in radio and telephone communications is
a. 50 Hz to 5 kHz
b. 50 Hz to 15 kHz
c. 100 Hz t 10 kHz
d. 300 Hz to 3 kHz

31. An AM signal with a maximum modulating signal frequency of 4.5 kHz as a total bandwidth of
a. 4.5 kHz
b. 6.75 kHz
c. 9 kHz
d. 18 kHz

32. An input signal of 1.8 MHz mixed with a local oscillator of 5 MHz. A filter selects the difference
signal. The output is
a. 1.8 MHz
b. 3.2 MHz
c. 5 MHz
d. 6.8 MHz
33. What is produced by over modulation in AM?
a. Sidebands
b. Splatter
c. Envelope
d. Deviation

34. The letter-number designation B8E is a form of modulation also known as

a. Pilot-carrier system
b. Independent sideband emission
c. Lincompex
d. Vestigial sideband transmission

35. The inputs to a balanced modulator are 1 MHz and a carrier of 1.5 MHz. The outputs
are
a. 500 kHz
b. 2.5 Mhz
c. 1.5 MHz
d. Both a and b

36. A widely used balanced modulator is called the

a. Diode bridge circuit
b. Full-wave bridge rectifier
c. Lattice modulator
d. Balanced bridge modulator
37. What is the third character in the emission designation for telephony?
a. F
b. B
c. D
d. E

38. A 100-MHz carrier is deviated 50 kHz by a 4-kHz signal the modulation index is
a. 5
b. 8
c. 12.5
d. 20

39. The maximum deviation of an FM carrier is 2 kHz by a maximum modulating

signal of 400 Hz. The deviation ratio is
a. 0.2
b. 5
c. 8
d. 40

40. The phenomenon of a strong FM signal dominating a weaker signal on a

common frequency is referred to as the
a. Capture effect
b. Blot out
c. Quieting factor
d. Dominating syndrome
41. In a low-level AM system, amplifier following the modulated stage must be
a. Linear devices
b. Harmonic devices
c. Class C amplifier
d. Nonlinear devices

42. If the carrier of a 100 percent modulated AM wave is suppressed, the percentage
power saving will be
a. 50
b. 150
c. 100
d. 66.66

43. A pre-emphasis circuit provides extra noise immunity by

a. Boosting the bass frequencies
b. Amplifying the higher audio frequencies
c. Pre-amplifying the whole audio band
d. Converting the phase modulation to FM

44. One of the following transmits only one sideband

a. H3E
b. R3E
c. J3E
d. B8E
45. _____ is an electronic instrument used to show both the carrier and the sidebands
of a modulated signal in the frequency domain
a. Spectrum analyzer
b. Oscilloscope
c. Digital counter
d. Frequency counter

46. AM transmission power increases with _____

a. Frequency
b. Source
c. Load
d. Modulation

47. What type of emission is frequency modulation?

a. F3E
b. G3E
c. A3E
d. B3E

48. What is the carrier swing of an FM transmitter when modulated by 75%?

a. 53.2 kHz
b. 48 kHz
c. 56.25 kHz
d. 112.5 kHz
49. An increase in transmitter power from 25 W to 30 W will cause the antenna current to increase
from 700 mA to
a. 800 mA
b. 750 mA
c. 767 mA
d. 840 mA

50. _____ is the function which tends to maintain the sound volume level of a voice receiver nearly
constant for a large signal strength range
a. Squelch
b. Muting
c. AGC
d. AFC

51. An FM receiver with an I-F of 10.7 MHz is tuned to 98.7 MHz. What is the numerical value of the
image frequency?
a. 77.3 MHz
b. 88.0 MHz
c. 109.4 MHz
d. 120.1 MHz

52. The function which tends to silence the receiver in the absence of transmitted carrier
a. Squelch
b. Muting
c. AGC
d. AFC
53. The term used to refer to the condition where the signals from a very strong station
are superimposed on other signals being received
a. Cross-modulation interference
b. Intermodulation interference
c. Receiver quieting
d. Capture effect

54. Stages that are common to both AM and FM receivers

a. Tuner, local oscillator, detector, AF amplifier
b. RF amplifier, mixer, IF amplifier, AF amplifier
c. Local oscillator, RF amplifier, frequency discriminator, detector
d. Tuner, IF amplifier, detector, AF amplifier

55. In a narrow-band FM system, the deviation ratio is commonly one and the highest
audio frequency is generally limited to
a. 300 Hz
b. 10,000 Hz
c. 3,000 Hz RF Mixer IF STRIP detector
Audio
d. 7,500 Hzamplifier amp

56. Which of the following contains

LO de-emphasis circuit?
a. FM transmitter
SUPERHETERODYNE RECEIVER
b. FM receiver
c. VHF transmitter
d. VHF receiver
57. The term used to refer to the reduction of receiver gain caused by the signal of a
nearby station transmitter in the same frequency band?
a. Quieting
b. Cross-modulation interference
c. Squelch gain rollback
d. Desensitizing

58. What is the approximate bandwidth of an FM with a modulation factor of 12.5 and a
modulating frequency of 10 kHz?
a. 20 kHz
b. 270 kHz
c. 250 kHz
d. 45 kHz

59. An amplifier operating over the frequency range of 455 to 460 kHz has a 200 kΩ
input resistor. What is the RMS noise voltage at the input to this amplifier if the
ambient temperature is 17°C?
a. 40 μV
b. 4.0 μV
c. 400 μV
d. 4.0 mV

60. Calculate the noise figure of the amplifier whose Req equals 2518 Ω (RT = 600 Ω) if
it’s driven by a generator whose output impedance is 50Ω
a. 39.4
b. 3.94
c. 394
d. 0.394
61. A receiver connected to an antenna whose resistance is 50 Ω has an equivalent noise
resistance of 30 Ω. Calculate its equivalent noise temperature if the noise figure is equal to 1.6
a. 17.4 K
b. 174 K
c. 1.74 K
d. 17 K

62. Which of the following is not a source of external noise?

a. Thermal agitation
b. Auto ignition
c. The sun
d. Fluorescent lights

63. What is the noise voltage across a 300 Ω input resistance to a TV set with a 6 MHz bandwidth
and temperature of 30°C?
a. 2.3 μV
b. 3.8 μV
c. 5.5 μV
d. 6.4 μV

64. If bandwidth is doubled, the signal power is _____

a. Not changed
b. Quadrupled
c. Tripled
d. Doubled
65. In an FM transmitter, what is the result of over modulation?
a. Lower frequency
b. Distortion
c. Higher power
d. Excessive bandwidth

66. What are the basic elements of communications system?

a. Source, transmission channel, transmitter
b. Transmitter, receiver, transmission channel
c. Information, transmission channel, receiver
d. Sender and receiver

67. A network that has an input of 75 dB and an output of 35dB. The loss of the
network is _____
a. -40 dB
b. 40 dB
c. -40 dBm
d. 40 dBm

68. If an amplifier has equal input and output impedances, what voltage ratio does the
gain of 50 dB represent?
a. 316.2
b. 325.2
c. 320.1
d. 315.0
69. An interfering signal with a frequency equal to the received signal plus twice the IF is
called
a. Image frequency
b. Center frequency
c. Rest frequency
d. Interference frequency

70. Subcarriers that are arranged so that the channels occupying adjacent frequency band
with some frequency space between them is known as
a. Guard bands
b. AM bands
c. Band gap
d. Void band

71. What is the lowest number of sections required by communications receiver?

a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4

72. What determines the selectivity of a receiver?

a. The bandwidth of the tuned circuits
b. The gain of the amplifier
c. The power handling capability
d. The frequency stability
73. For an IF frequency of 455 kHz, what must be the LO frequency when receiving
a 580 kHz transmission?
a. 1035 MHz
b. 1.035 MHz
c. 3.51 MHz
d. 351 kHz

74. What circuit accompanies a mixer?

a. RF Amplifier
b. LO
c. IF Amplifier
d. Detector

75. The superheterodyne circuit uses a local oscillator to _____ with the RF signal of
the station and converts the carrier to the intermediate frequency
a. Beat
b. Mix
c. Heterodyne
d. All of the above

76. The local FM stereo rock station is at 96.5 MHz. What must be the local oscillator
frequency?
a. 93.9 MHz
b. 107.2 MHz
c. 112.5 MHz
d. 105.9 MHz
77. A superheterodyne is tuned to 2738 kHz. The IF is 475 kHz. What is the image
frequency?
a. 3.09 MHz
b. 4.5 kHz
c. 4385 kHz
d. 3688 kHz

78. In an FM receiver, which circuit removes amplitude variations?

a. Exciter
b. Mixer
c. Discriminator
d. Limiter

79. In an FM receiver, the circuit that keeps the receiver tuned exactly to the desired
station is _____
a. AFC
b. AGC
c. Limiter
d. Discriminator

80. What connects the front-end circuit of a VHF TV superheterodyne receiver?

a. Mixer, RF amplifier and AFC
b. RF amplifier, Band pass filter and mixer
c. Local oscillator, mixer and RF amplifier
d. Local oscillator, AGC and antenna
81. The local FM stereo rock station is at 96.5 MHz. What must be the local oscillator
frequency?
a. 93.9 MHz
b. 107.2 MHz
c. 112.5 MHz
d. 105.9 MHz

82. What is the carrier swing of an FM transmitter when modulated by 75%?

a. 53.2 kHz
b. 48 kHz
c. 56.25 kHz
d. 112.5 kHz

83. An increase in transmitter power from 25 W to 30 W will cause the antenna

current to increase from 700 mA to
a. 800 mA
b. 750 mA
c. 767 mA
d. 840 Ma

84. The values of Vmax and Vmin as read from an AM wave on an oscilloscope are
2.8 and 0.3. The percentage of the modulation is
a. 10.7 percent
b. 41.4 percent
c. 80.6 percent
d. 93.3 percent
85. Extra-terrestrial noise is observable at frequencies from
a. 0 to 20 KHz
b. 8 Mhz to 1.43 GHz
c. 5 to 8 GHz
d. 15 to 60 MHz

86. A passive circuit, usually consisting of capacitance and/or inductance, that is inserted in
series with the a-c power cord of an electronic device which allow the 60-Hz current to pass
and suppressed high frequency noise components.
a. Noise filter
b. Noise limiter
c. Noise floor
d. Noise quieting

87. A circuit often used in radio receivers that prevents externally generated noise from exceeding
certain amplitude. They are also called noise clippers.
a. Noise floor
b. Noise filter
c. Noise limiter
d. Noise clamper

88. The ratio of the superheterodyne receiver response at the desired carrier frequency to that at
the image frequency is called
a. The sensitivity
b. The selectivity
c. The image frequency
d. The image rejection ratio
89. If an electronic network has an input of 40 watts and an output of 40 watts, the
gain is
a. 0 dB
b. 1 dB
c. 6 dB
d. 12 dB

90. The signal in a channel is measured to be 23 dB while noise in the same channel
is measured to be 9 dB. The signal to noise ratio is
a. 9/23
b. 23/9
c. 32 dB
d. 14 dB

91. What is the S/N at the output of an amplifier whose F = 10 dB and the input S/N =
25 dB?
a. 35 dB
b. 15 dB
c. 25 dB
d. 10 dB

92. The extent of noise referred to a test tone of zero dBm

a. dBa
b. dBm
c. dBa0
d. dBr n C
93. A widely used balanced modulator is called the
a. Diode bridge circuit
b. Full-wave bridge rectifier
c. Lattice modulator
d. Balanced bridge modulator

94. What is the third character in the emission designation for telephony?
a. F
b B.
c. D
d. E

95. Subcarriers that are arranged so that the channels occupying adjacent
frequency band with some frequency space between them is known as
a. Guard bands
b. AM bands
c. Band gap
d. Void band

96. What does a power difference of 3- dB mean?

a. A loss of one third of the power
b. A loss of one-half of the power
c. A loss of 3 watts of power
d. No significant change
97. A gain of 60 dB is the same as a gain of
a. 10 volts/volt
b. 100 volts/volt
c. 1000 volts/volt
d. 10,000 volts/volt

98. A theoretical antenna has a gain of 1 dB. Its gain in nepers is

a. 8.686
b. 0.1151
c. 6.868
d. 0.5111

99. Which of the following is not a source of space noise?

a. Sun
b. Star
c. Lightning
d. Black body

100. The noise power generated by a resistor is proportional to

a. Temperature
b. Bandwidth
c. a and b
d. NOTA