SPONGE

Part 2:
The Trigonometric Functions
 Let t be the measure of a central angle and let (x, y) be the point on the unit
circle corresponding to t. The following are the definitions for the six
trigonometric functions based on the unit circle.

sint = ycoordinate csc t 

1
y
1
cost = xcoordinate sec t 
x
y x
tan t = coordinates cot t 
x y
Evaluating the 6 Trig
Functions….
1. If the given angle does not lie between 0
and 2, find its simplest positve coterminal
angle and use that value.
2. Identify the quadrant the terminal side for
the given angle lies.
3. Determine the coordinates on the unit circle
for the given angle.
4. Follow the definitions for the six
trigonometric functions.
How to determine the trigonometric values for a given
angle

Ex. 1: Evaluate the six trigonometric functions for


t
6
Step 1: Identify the quadrant the terminal side of
the angle is located.
Quadrant I

Step 2: Identify the coordinates that

correspond with that angle.  3 , 1 
 2 2
 
Step 3: Follow the definitions

1 y 1 1 3 1 2 2 3
sin t  y  tan t   2
  sec t   
2 x 3
2 3 3 x 3 3
3
3 1 x
cos t  x  csc t   2 cot t   2  3
2 y y 1
2
 Ex. 2: Evaluate the six
5
trigonometric functions for 4
t  

Step 1: Identify the quadrant the terminal

side of the angle is located. -225degrees, Quadrant II

Step 2: Identify the coordinates that correspond with that angle.

(Reference the Unit Circle).  2 2 
  , 
 2 2 
Step 3: Follow the definitions
2 y 2 1 2
sin t  y  tan t   2
 1 sec t     2
2 x  2 2 x 2

1 2 x  22
2 csc t    2 cot t   2  1
cos t  x   y y
2 2 2
 You Try! Ex. 3: Evaluate the six
7
trigonometric functions for t 
3
In this problem the value of the angle exceeds 2.
Find the co-terminal angle whose value lies between 0 and 2
or convert to degrees and find the coterminal.

Step 1: Identify the quadrant the terminal side

of the angle is located. Quadrant I

Step 2: Identify the coordinates that correspond with that angle (+,+).
1 3
Step 3: Follow the definitions  , 
 2 2 
3 y 1
sin t  y  tan t   3 sec t  2
2 x x
1 1 2 3 x 3
cos t  x  csc t   cot t  
2 y 3 y 3
Recap: Evaluating the 6 Trig
Functions….
 Recapping for evaluating the six trigonometric
functions for any given angle.
 If the given angle does not lie between 0 and 2, find its
simplest positve coterminal angle and use that value.
 Identify the quadrant the terminal side for the given angle lies.
 Determine the coordinates on the unit circle for the given
angle.
 Follow the definitions for the six trigonometric functions.
Part 2
Example1: Given sec  = 4, find the values of the other five
trigonometric functions of  . Use what you know already to
solve.
Solution: SOHCAHTOA
hyp 4
that 4 = sec  = = . 4
adj 1 15

Use the Pythagorean Theorem to solve for the θ

third side of the triangle. 1
15 1 4
sin  = csc  = =
4 sin  4 15
1
cos  = sec  = 1
=4
4 cos 
15 1
tan  = = 15 cot  =
1 15
Sponge

 Find the 6 trig identities for each.

 1. 2 p
3
 2
Sponge Answer Key 
3
Think where this angle is on the unit
circle.
 2   1

 2   2
Cos Sec   2
 3  2  3  1

 2  3
Sin    2  2 2 3
 3  2 Csc  
 3  3 3
3
 2 
Tan  2  3  2   1  3
 3  1 Cot   
2  3  3 3
 2
Sponge : 
3

1st think where this angle is on the

unit circle. Quadrant 2!
 1 3 
 , 
 2 2 
   2  1
Cos 
 3  2
2

3  2  3
Sin 
 3  2

3
 2 
Tan  2  3
 3  1
2
Sin
Tan 
Cos
HW Review: Check Table
 Applications Involving Right Triangles
A surveyor is standing 115 feet from the base of the Washington
Monument. The surveyor measures the angle of elevation to
the top of the monument as 78.3.
How tall is the Washington Monument? Hint: Draw a picture!

Solution:

where x = 115 and y is the height of the monument. So, the height of the
Washington Monument is
y = x tan 78.3

 115(4.82882)  555 feet.

Given a Point in the Coordinate Plane,
Find the 6 Trig Functions

The terminal side of angle  in standard position

passes through Point P
Draw  and find the exact value of each of the

6 Trigonometric Functions
Point
P(2, 5)
P(2, 5) y
 2,5

Angle in Standard Position

P(2, 5) y
 2,5

Which lies on the terminal side

P(2, 5) y
 2,5


Of Angle 
P(2, 5) y
 2,5


Draw a Reference Triangle

P(2, 5) y
 2,5
r 
29 5
r x y
2 2 2

r x y 2 2
2 x

r  2 5 2 2

r  29
 x y Now find all 6 trig
identities.
cos 
r
cos  
2 29  2,5
29 29 
29 5

2 x
cos sec sin  csc  tan  cot 

2 29
29
sin  
y y
r

sin  
5 29  2,5
29 29

29 5

2 x
cos sec sin  csc  tan  cot 

2 29 5 29
29 29
 y y
tan  
x

tan  
5  2,5
2

29 5

2 x
cos sec sin  csc  tan  cot 

2 29 5 29 5
29 29 2
P(2, 5) y
 2,5

29 5

2 x
cos sec sin  csc  tan  cot 

2 29 29 5 29 29 5 2
29 2 29 5 2 5
P(2, 5) y
 2,5

29 5

2 x
cos sec sin  csc  tan  cot 

2 29 29 5 29 29 5 2
29 2 29 5 2 5
Ex. 2 Point
P(–1, 2)
P(–1, 2) y

 1, 2  
5
2

1 x
r x y2 2

r  
 
22
1 2

r 5
P(–1, 2) y cos 
x
r
1 5
cos  
 1, 2   5 5
5
2

1 x
cos sec sin  csc  tan  cot 

5

5
 Complete the table!
P(–1, 2) y sin  
y
r
2 5
 1, 2  sin  
 5 5
5
2

1 x
cos sec sin  csc  tan  cot 

5 2 5

5 5
 y y
P(–1, 2) tan  
x
2
 1, 2  tan  
 1
5
2

1 x
cos sec sin  csc  tan  cot 

5 2 5
 2
5 5
P(–1, 2) y

 1, 2  
5
2

1 x
cos sec sin  csc  tan  cot 

5 2 5 5 1
  5 2 
5 5 2 2
P(–1, 2) y

 1, 2  
5
2

1 x
cos sec sin  csc  tan  cot 

5 2 5 5 1
  5 2 
5 5 2 2
 Ex.3 Your turn.
Given Point
P(3,–10) find all 6
trig identiies.
P(3,–10)
y

 3, 10 
P(3,–10)
y

 3
x
10
109
 3, 10 
cos sec sin  ycsc tan  cot 

3 109 109 10 109 109 10 3

   
109 3 109 10 3 10

 3
x
10
109
 3, 10 
cos sec sin  ycsc tan  cot 

3 109 109 10 109 109 10 3

   
109 3 109 10 3 10

 3
x
10
109
 3, 10 
Stop….Practice- complete
Guided notes examples 1 &2
Think, Pair and Share Even
only Side 2

Complete 2-9 Handout
Even and Odd Trig Functions
 What is an even function?
 An even function is when one substitutes a negative value into
the original function and the outcome is the same as its
positive value.
f (- x) = f (x)
Ex. f (x) = x2
f (2) = 22 = 4
f (-2) = (-2)2 =4
Therefore, f (-2) = f (2) and f (x) = x2 is an even
function.
Even and Odd Trig Functions
 What is an odd function?
 An odd function is when one substitutes a negative value into the
original function and the outcome is the opposite of its positive value.
f (- x) = - f (x)
Ex. f (x) = x3
f (2) = 23 = 8
f (-2) = (-2)3 = - 8
Therefore, f (-2) = - f (2) and f (x) = x3 is an odd function.
Even and Odd Functions
 Let’s determine whether or not the sine function is even or odd.
 f(x) = sin x

 What is the sin 30? ½

 What is the sin (- 30)? - ½
 sin (- 30) = - sin (30)
sin (- 30) = -( ½ ) = - ½

Because the sin (- 30) = - sin (30), the sine function is odd.
sin (-x) = - sin x
Even and Odd Trig Functions
 Lets determine whether the cosine function is even or odd.
 f (x) = cos x

 What is the cos 60? ½

 What is the cos (- 60)? ½
 cos (- 60) = cos 60
cos (- 60) = ½

Because the cos (- 60) equals cos 60, cosine is an even function
cos (- x) = cos x
Even and Odd Trig Functions
 Determine what the other 4 trig functions are – even or odd

 tan (x)  odd function

 csc (x)  odd function

 sec (x)  even function

 cot (x)  odd function

 Evaluating Trig Fuctions
with a Calculator
 Steps
 Set the calculator into the correct mode
 Casio
 From the MENU select RUN

 Press SHIFT, then MENU (above MENU you should see SET

UP)
 Scroll down and highlight Angle

 Select F1 for Deg, Select F2 for Rad

 Press EXE (Blue key at bottom of calculator)

 Type the measure of the angle into the calculator

 Press EXE
 Evaluating Trig Fuctions
with a Calculator
 Using the calculator find the values for
the following (round to 4 decimal places):
 1. sin 214 -0.5592
 2. tan (-175 ) 0.0875
 3. cos 5/9 -0.1736
 4. sin 14/5 0.5878
 Evaluating Trig Fuctions
with a Calculator
 To evaluate cosecant, secant, or cotangent on the
calculator, follow these steps:
 Casio
 Make sure you are in the right mode (degree or radian)
 In parentheses type the trig function on the calculator that is the
reciprocal function of the one being evaluated.
 On the outside of the parentheses, press SHIFT, then ). A - 1 should
appear next to the parentheses.
 Example: Evaluate csc 40
 Make sure you are in the degree mode.
 Type into the calculator (sin 40)
 Press SHIFT, then ). Your screen should now read (sin 40) - 1
 Press EXE. Your answer should be 1.5557
 Evaluating Trig Fuctions
with a Calculator
 Using the calculator find the values for
the following (round to 4 decimal places):
 1. sec 297 2.2027
 2. cot 19/12 -0.2679
 3. csc (- 11.78) 1.4128
 4. sec /2 Ma ERROR - WHY?
 4.2 Trigonometric Fuctions:
The Unit Circle
 Can you
 Sketch the unit circle and place key angles and

coordinates on it?
 Explain how these coordinates are derived using

either 30, 45 , or 60 ?
 Determine the trig value for certain angles using the

unit circle?
 Explain why a trig function is either even or odd?

 Evaluate a trig function using the calculator?