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KEY CONCEPTS:
What macromolecules are important to living things?
What are the functions of each group of macromolecules?
2-3 Carbon Compounds
MACROMOLECULES
important to living things!
1._____________
Carbohydrates
2. _____________
Proteins
3. _____________
Lipids
(Fats, oils, waxes, steroids)
4._____________
Nucleic acids
2-3 Carbon Compounds
CARBOHYDRATES contain
Carbon, Hydrogen, & Oxygen
(with a ratio of 1 C: 2 H: 1 O)
Example:
GLUCOSE C6H12O6
Important
2-3 Carbon Compounds
MONOSACCHARIDES
Examples of IMPORTANT
POLYSACCHARIDES
___________
STARCH
___________
CELLULOSE
GLYCOGEN
___________
2-3 Carbon Compounds
WHAT DO
CARBOHYDRATES
DO?
2-3 Carbon Compounds
ANIMAL cells
store glucose
as _________.
GLYCOGEN
2-3 Carbon Compounds
PLANT cells
Store glucose
as ______
STARCH .
2-3 Carbon Compounds
CARBOHYDRATES are STRUCTURAL
Cellulose makes
plants _______
STURDY
2-3 Carbon Compounds
CARBOHYDRATES HELP
with CELL IDENTIFICATION
GLYCOPROTEINS
(proteins with
sugars attached)
on the surface of
cells help cells
_____________
recognize “self”
2-3 Carbon Compounds
GLYCOPROTEINS
are important for:
BLOOD
TYPES
ORGAN
REJECTION RECOGNIZING
GERMS
2-3 Carbon Compounds
MACROMOLECULES
important to living things!
1._____________
Carbohydrates
2. _____________
Proteins
3. _____________
(Fats, oils, waxes, steroids)
4. _____________
2-3 Carbon Compounds
PROTEINS contain:
Carbon
________,
_________,
Hydrogen
Oxygen
_______, and
_________
Nitrogen and
are built from
AMINO ACID
__________
subunits
2-3 Carbon Compounds
20 different
There are ___
ANIMO ACIDS used by cells
proteins .
to make _______
2-3 Carbon Compounds
WHAT DO
PROTEINS
DO?
2-3 Carbon Compounds
GLYCOPROTEINS
(SUGARS attached to proteins)
on the surface of
cells help cells
recognize “self”
____________
2-3 Carbon Compounds
GLYCOPROTEINS
are important for:
BLOOD
TYPES
ORGAN
REJECTION
RECOGNIZING
GERMS
2-3 Carbon Compounds
Proteins
combine with
DNA which
_____
wrap up into
chromosomes
___________
2-3 Carbon Compounds
ENZYMES
help chemical
reactions
happen faster
____________
2-3 Carbon Compounds
Proteins in cell
membranes help
out
move molecules ___
in of cells
& ___
2-3 Carbon Compounds
HEMOGLOBIN in
red blood cells
____________
carry oxygen
to all body cells
2-3 Carbon Compounds
INSULIN
causes cells
To store
glucose
_______
2-3 Carbon Compounds
DIABETES
People with __________
can’t make insulin and their
TOO high
Blood sugar stays _________
because cells
can’t store glucose.
MACROMOLECULES
important to living things!
1._____________
Carbohydrates
2. _____________
Proteins
3. _____________
Lipids
(Fats, oils, waxes, steroids)
4. _____________
2-3 Carbon Compounds
WHAT
DO
LIPIDS
DO?
2-3 Carbon Compounds
PHOSPHOLIPIDS
(lipid tails + glycerol/phosphate head)
Polar head
________
Non-polar tails
___________
2-3 Carbon Compounds
LIPIDS
can be used to
________.
store energy
2-3 Carbon Compounds
LIPIDS INSULATE
LIPIDS form
myelin
______ which
is insulation on
nerve cells)
______
2-3 Carbon Compounds
LIPIDS INSULATE
Help maintain
body heat
_________
which helps with
homeostasis .
__________
2-3 Carbon Compounds
STEROIDS like
_________
_____________,
TESTOSTERONE
___________,
ESTROGEN and
_____________are
PROGESTERONE
steroid hormones
involved in reproduction
2-3 Carbon Compounds
MACROMOLECULES
important to living things!
1._____________
Carbohydrates
2. _____________
Proteins
Lipids
3. _____________
(Fats, oils, waxes, steroids)
4._____________
Nucleic acids
2-3 Carbon Compounds
NUCLEIC ACIDS
contain: are built from
_______,
CARBON ___________
NUCLEOTIDE
HYDROGEN
_________, subunits
_______,
OXYGEN
___________
PHOSPHORUS
NITROGEN
and ________
2-3 Carbon Compounds
NUCLEOTIDES
sugar &/or
Changing the _______
nitrogen base produces
and ____________
different nucleotide subunits
2-3 Carbon Compounds
NUCLEOTIDES
____________
DEOXYRIBOSE ________
RIBOSE
(DNA) (RNA)
2-3 Carbon Compounds
5 NITROGEN BASES
ADENINE
_____________ = A
GUANINE
_____________ = G
CYTOSINE
_____________ = C
THYMINE
_____________ = T (only in DNA)
URACIL
_____________ = U (only in RNA)
2-3 Carbon Compounds
MAKING DNA:
Nitrogen bases:
A, T, C, or G
_____________
Uracil
DNA has NO _____
SUGAR
DEOXYRIBOSE
= “______________”
2-3 Carbon Compounds
MAKING RNA:
These
Image by: Riedell
Nitrogen bases
A, U, C, or G
_____________
Dehydration
____________
synthesis
____________
DOUBLE
________
STRANDED
SUBUNITS:
A, T, G, C
(has No “U”)
2-3 Carbon Compounds
CYTOSINE GUANINE
_________ bonds __________
with
2-3 Carbon Compounds
SINGLE STRANDED
_______
Subunits:
A, U, G, C
(has NO “T”)
2-3 Carbon Compounds
WHAT
DO
NUCLEIC
ACIDS
DO?
2-3 Carbon Compounds
RIBOSE
ATP
Sugar =_____________
RIBOSE
ADENINE
Nitrogen base =__________
3 PHOSPHATE groups
+___
2-3 Carbon Compounds
DNA
stores
_____
genetic
______
information
________
in cells
RNA
CARRIES INFORMATION
from DNA in nucleus out to cell
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
Helps with _________________
2-3 Carbon Compounds
Concept Map
Section 2-3
Carbon
Compounds
include
Go to
Section:
2-3 Carbon Compounds
Concept Map
Section 2-3
Carbon
Compounds
include
Sugars and
Fats and oils Nucleotides Amino Acids
starches
which contain which contain which contain which contain
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Section: