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OMA000001
GSM Fundamentals
ISSUE 3.3
www.huawei.com
ISSUE 2.0
Terrestrial Interface
GSM 900
DCS 1800
7(Site)X 1(Cell)
7 23
Re-use
1
6 4
4(Site)X 3(Cell) 5
1
Re-use 7 9 6
3 2
5 11 8 10
1 4
9 6 12 7
2 3
10 5 11
1
9
Omni
Omni-Directional Cells
1
Terrestrial Interface
NSS AUC
HLR
EIR
OSS OMC
MSC/VLR PSTN
SIM
ME BTS BSC
MS
BSS
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 12
Mobile Station—MS
MS=ME+SIM
International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI)
– Mobile Equipment
GSM
(TMSI)
Location Area Identity (LAI)
Subscriber Authentication Key (Ki)
Mobile Station International Standard
Data Network (MSISDN),
it is optional.
MSC
The Base Station
Controller – BSC
The Base Transceiver BSS TC/SM
Station – BTS
The Trans-coder – TC
and Sub multiplexer BSC
(SM)
BTS
NSS AUC
HLR
OMC EIR
EC PSTN
MSC/VLR
IWF
Call Processing
Operations and Maintenance Support
Inter-network & Inter-working
Billing
•White List
•Black List IMEI
Is Checked against White List
•Grey List
If NOT found,
checked against
Grey/Black List
• Rate Conversion
• Protocol Adaptation
MSC
EC IWF
PSTN
4-wire
2-wire 2- wire
Hybrid Hybrid
OSS(NMC)
OMC OMC
OMC
Region2 Region 3
Region 1
Event/Alarm Security
Management Management
MMI
OS DB
Fault Configuration
Management Management
Performance
Management
Terrestrial Interface
MSC MSC
E
IWF EC EC IWF
A
TC
Um Abis
MS BTS BSC
HLR
OMC AUC
IWF EIR
MSC/VLR MSC/VLR
EC
EC
TC
BSC PSTN
BTS BTS
Typical Configuration
TS = Time slot
TS# Used for
0 Frame Alignment /Error Checking /Signaling
1-15 Traffic
16 CCS7 Signaling (Other TS may also the used)
17-31 Traffic
CCS7 Levels
OSI Layers MAP
7. Application BSSAP
TUP ISUP TCAP (DTAP+BSSMAP)
6. Presentation
5. Session SCCP
4. Transport
MTP Level 3
3. Network
2. Link
MTP Level 2
1 Physical
MTP Level 1 2 Mb/s Trunk
Terrestrial Interface
System area
PLMN
PLMN service
service area
area PLMN service area
MSC service area... MSC service area...
Location area...
Base station area...
Location area...
......
Base station area...
Radio cell
Radio cell
...... ......
CC NDC LSP
MSC/VLR number
NCC BCC
BSIC
CC NDC SN
National (significant)
Mobile number
Mobile station international
ISDN number
IMEI
RSZI
CC NDC ZC
Terrestrial Interface
TDMA FRAME
0 1 2 3 4 5 60 7
Timeslot
The information carried in one time
slot is called a “burst”
TCH
Traffic Channels
Normal Burst
Speech Data
TCH/FS TCH/HS
TCH/9.6 TCH/2.4
TCH Traffic Channel
TCH/FS Full rate Speech Channel
TCH/HS Half rate Speech Channel
TCH/9.6 Data Channel 9.6kb/s
TCH/4.8 Data Channel 4.8kb/s TCH/4.8
TCH/2.4 Data Channel 2.4Kb/s
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 52
Control Channel
DCCH BCCH
SDCCH ACCH
BCCH Synch. CH.
SCH FCCH
CCH
The CCCH is responsible for
transferring control information
between all mobiles and the
BTS.
CCCH
RACH: Random Access Control
Channel
PCH: Paging Channel RACH CBCH
AGCH: Access Grant Control uplink downlink
Channel
CBCH:Cell Broadcast Channel
PCH/AGCH
downlink
Power-off state
Search for frequency correction pulse FCCH
Search for synchronous pulse SCH
Unscramble system information
BCCH
Idle state
TDMA Frames
0 1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
0 1 2 3 4 21 22 23 24 25
26 – Frame Multiframes
TRAFFIC CHANNELS
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 59
TCH Multiframe Downlink Uplink
25 IDLE 25 IDLE
TDMA Frames
0 1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
0 1 2 3 4 46 47 48 49 50
51 – Frame Multiframes
CONTROL CHANNELS
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 61
BCCH/CCCH Multiframe
Downlink
B B B B I
F S C C C C F S C C .. F S C C .. F S C C .. F S C C C C C C C C
0 10 20 30 40 50
F = FCCH (Frequency)
S = SCH (Sync.)
C = CCCH (Common)
I = Idle
R = RACH (Random)
Uplink
R R R R R R R R R R R R R R .. R R R ..R R R .. R R R R R R R R R R R
0 10 20 30 40 50
Downlink
D0 D1 D6 D7 A0 A3 I I I
D0 D1 D6 D7 A4 A7 I I I
0 7 24 32 44 50
D = SDCCH/8 (Dedicated)
A = SACCH/C8
(Associated) I = Idle
Uplink
A5 A6 A7 I I I D0 D7 A0
A1 A2 A3 I I I D0 D7 A4
0 7 12 15 44 50
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 63
Timeslots and TDMA Frames
0 1 2 3 4 5 60 7
Broadcast Traffic
Dedicated
0 1 2 3 4 5 60 7
Traffic
Low Capacity Cell
0 1 2 3 4 5 60 7
Combined Traffic
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 64
Combined Multiframe
Downlink
FS B C FS C C F S D0 D1 F S D2 D3 F S A0 A1 I
FS B C FS C C F S D0 D1 F S D2 D3 F S A2 A3 I
0 2 6 10 20 30 40 50
R = RACH (Random) B = BCCH (Broadcast)
F = FCCH (Frequency) S = SCH (Sync.)
C = CCCH (Common) D = SDCCH/4 (Dedicated)
A = SACCH/4 (Associated) I = Idle
Uplink
D3 R R A2 A3 R R R R D0 D1 R R D2
D3 R R A2 A3 R R R R D0 D1 R R D2
0 4 6 10 20 30 40 50
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 65
Configuration Suggestion
Terrestrial Interface
Phase
1 0 0 1 1 Gaussian
Modulator
Digital Filter
(0,1,1) 1
(0,1,0) 2
(0,0,0) 3
(0,0,1) 4
(1,0,1) 5
(1,0,0) 6
(1,1,0) 7
0.8W
5W
Saves radio battery power
Reduces co-channel and
adjacent channel interference
Power Control
Without DTX
Comfort
Noise
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 74
DRX
PPPPPP BCCH PP
•Diversity
•Frequency
Hopping
Time Dispersion
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 76
Diversity
Approx. 10
wavelengths
When diversity is implemented two
antennas are situated at the receiver.
These antennas are placed several
wavelengths apart to ensure
minimum correlation between the
two receive paths.
Compare or
add signals
The two signals are then
combined, this ensures that a
low signal strength is less likely
to occur.
Resultant Signal
time
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. HUAWEI Confidential Page 78
Contents
Terrestrial Interface
250
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50
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1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
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2
0
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1
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1
9
95
19
9
61
99
71
9
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19
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92
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0
20
01
M
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t
3G
2Mbps
2.5G IMT-2000
384kbps
EDGE
115 kbps
2G
57.6 kbps GPRS
GSM
1999 2000 2001
29.6
30.0
22.4
20.0
20.0 17.6
14.4 14.8
12.0 11.2
8.0 8.8
10.0
0.0
CS-1 CS-2 CS-3 CS-4 MCS-1 MCS-2 MCS-3 MCS-4 MCS-5 MCS-6 MCS-7 MCS-8 MCS-9
GMSK 8PSK
Terrestrial Interface