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The Research Process

Steven
Sindi
Meiliana
Problem
A “problem” does not necessarily mean that something is
seriously wrong with a current situation that needs to be corrected
immediately

A problem could also indicate an interest in an issue where


finding the right answers might help to improve existing situation
Broad Problem
• An entire situation where one sees a possible need for research and
problem solving.
• Situasi dimana seseorang melihat adanya kebutuhan untuk diteliti
dan pemecahan masalah atas suatu hal.
Examples
• Volume penjualan suatu produk tidak meningkat
• Sistem informasi yang baru dipasang tidak digunakan oleh para
manajer
• Kendali atas persediaan tidak efektif
• Kesalahan banyak terjadi di pekerjaan rutin
• Alur komunikasi tertulis menjadi lambat
Narrowing
down the
problem

Preliminary Data Literature


Survey and
Collection Review
Preliminary Data Collection
• Background Information on The Organization
• Information on Structural Factors and Management Philosophy
• Perceptions, Attitudes and Behavioral Responses
Primary
Data
Secondary
Literature Review
• Membantu melihat masalah dari berbagai sudut dan membentuk
pola pemikiran dari masalah tersebut
• Menghilangkan resiko “reinventing the wheel” yang membuang
waktu
• Memiliki pemahaman atas metode penelitian yang telah dilakukan
orang lain.
• Dapat menghubungkan penemuan yang satu dengan penemuan yang
lain.
Steps of Literature Review

Identifikasi Evaluasi
Dokumentasi
Sumber Sumber
Defining The Problem Statement
The Problem Statement’s Key Criteria

Form a Managerial Perspective :


1. a problem currently exist in an
Problem Statement’s Key organization setting
2. manager believes need to be improved in
the organization
Be Relevant
Criteria

From Academic Perspective :


1. nothing is known about the topic
Be Feasible
2. The topic is much known but the topic isn’t
integrated or scattered
3. Much research but the results are
Be Interesting contradictory
4. Establish relationships do not hold in
certain situation
Basic Types Of Research Questions

Descriptive Research Question

Causal Research Question


Exploratory Research Questions
• Exploratory • Descriptive • Causal
research Research Studies test
often relies Objective is whether or
on to obtain not one
qualitative data that variable
approaches describes causes
to data the topic of another
gathering interest variable to
such change
informal
discussion
The Research Proposal
1. A Working Title
2. Background Of The Study
3. The Problem Statement
a. The Purpose of the Study
b. Research Question
4. The Scope of The Study
5. The Relevance of The Study
6. The Research design, offering details on :
a. type of the study – exploratory and descriptive
b. Data Collection methods
c. The sampling design
d. Data Analysis
7. Time Frame of the Study, including information on when the written report will be handed over to the sponspors
8. The Budget, detailin the cost with reference to specific item of expenditure
9. Selected Bibliography

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