Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Instrumentation
PEC – UET Lahore Dr. Shahid Naveed 7. Dezember 2021 / Dr. –Ing Naveed Ramzan 1
Home work-1
PEC – UET Lahore Dr. Shahid Naveed 7. Dezember 2021 / Dr. –Ing Naveed Ramzan 2
Home work-1
PEC – UET Lahore Dr. Shahid Naveed 7. Dezember 2021 / Dr. –Ing Naveed Ramzan 3
Temperature Sensor
“It is time to turn up the heat but
first you must learn how to measure
it”
PEC – UET Lahore Dr. Shahid Naveed 7. Dezember 2021 / Dr. –Ing Naveed Ramzan 4
Temperature Measurement Scales
Relative Scales
Fahrenheit (°F)
Celsius (°C)
Absolute Scales
Rankine (°R)
Kelvin (K)
Temperature Measurement Scales
Imperial Metric
Fahrenheit (⁰F) / Rankine (⁰R)
+/- 460 Celsius (⁰C) / Kelvin (⁰K)
+/- 273
1. Mechanical Methods
2. Electrical Methods
PEC – UET Lahore Dr. Shahid Naveed 7. Dezember 2021 / Dr. –Ing Naveed Ramzan 8
Methods of Temperature Measurement
1. Thermocouples
2. Thermistors
3. Electrical resistance change (RTD)
4. Pyrometers
5. Expansion of materials
PEC – UET Lahore Dr. Shahid Naveed 7. Dezember 2021 / Dr. –Ing Naveed Ramzan 9
Thermocouples
Seebeck Effect:
The generation of
current in a circuit
comprising of two wires
of dissimilar metals in
the presence of
temperature difference
PEC – UET Lahore Dr. Shahid Naveed 7. Dezember 2021 / Dr. –Ing Naveed Ramzan 11
Typical Industrial Thermocouple Assembly
PEC – UET Lahore Dr. Shahid Naveed 7. Dezember 2021 / Dr. –Ing Naveed Ramzan 12
Thermocouple Types
PEC – UET Lahore Dr. Shahid Naveed 7. Dezember 2021 / Dr. –Ing Naveed Ramzan 13
Metal Combinations
Chromel = Nickel-chromium
Alumel = Nickel-aluminum
Constantan = Copper-nickel
PEC – UET Lahore Dr. Shahid Naveed 7. Dezember 2021 / Dr. –Ing Naveed Ramzan 14
Thermocouple Tables
PEC – UET Lahore Dr. Shahid Naveed 7. Dezember 2021 / Dr. –Ing Naveed Ramzan 15
Thermocouple Callibration Charts
PEC – UET Lahore Dr. Shahid Naveed 7. Dezember 2021 / Dr. –Ing Naveed Ramzan 16
Thermistors
PEC – UET Lahore Dr. Shahid Naveed 7. Dezember 2021 / Dr. –Ing Naveed Ramzan 17
Thermistors
PEC – UET Lahore Dr. Shahid Naveed 7. Dezember 2021 / Dr. –Ing Naveed Ramzan 18
Thermistors
PEC – UET Lahore Dr. Shahid Naveed 7. Dezember 2021 / Dr. –Ing Naveed Ramzan 19
Thermistor Charts
PEC – UET Lahore Dr. Shahid Naveed 7. Dezember 2021 / Dr. –Ing Naveed Ramzan 20
Thermistors
Advantages:
Small sizes and fast response
Low cost
Suitability for narrow spans
Disadvantages:
More susceptible to permanent decalibration at
high temperatures.
Use is limited to a few hundred degrees Celsius.
Respond quickly to temperature changes, thus,
especially susceptible to self-heating errors.
Very fragile
PEC – UET Lahore Dr. Shahid Naveed 7. Dezember 2021 / Dr. –Ing Naveed Ramzan 21
Electrical Resistance Change (RTD)
PEC – UET Lahore Dr. Shahid Naveed 7. Dezember 2021 / Dr. –Ing Naveed Ramzan 22
Electrical Resistance Change (RTD)
Resistance vs temperature
characteristics are stable and
reproducible
PEC – UET Lahore Dr. Shahid Naveed 7. Dezember 2021 / Dr. –Ing Naveed Ramzan 23
Electrical Resistance Change (RTD)
PEC – UET Lahore Dr. Shahid Naveed 7. Dezember 2021 / Dr. –Ing Naveed Ramzan 24
Electrical Resistance Change (RTD)
(0 to 650. 30 °C)
PEC – UET Lahore Dr. Shahid Naveed 7. Dezember 2021 / Dr. –Ing Naveed Ramzan 25
Electrical Resistance Change (RTD)
(Below 0 °C)
PEC – UET Lahore Dr. Shahid Naveed 7. Dezember 2021 / Dr. –Ing Naveed Ramzan 26
Electrical Resistance Change (RTD)
PEC – UET Lahore Dr. Shahid Naveed 7. Dezember 2021 / Dr. –Ing Naveed Ramzan 27
Electrical Resistance Change (RTD)
Other RTDs
10 ohms Copper RTD - .00427 coefficients
PEC – UET Lahore Dr. Shahid Naveed 7. Dezember 2021 / Dr. –Ing Naveed Ramzan 28
RTDs with a bridge circuit
PEC – UET Lahore Dr. Shahid Naveed 7. Dezember 2021 / Dr. –Ing Naveed Ramzan 29
RTD Colour Code
PEC – UET Lahore Dr. Shahid Naveed 7. Dezember 2021 / Dr. –Ing Naveed Ramzan 30
Pyrometer
PEC – UET Lahore Dr. Shahid Naveed 7. Dezember 2021 / Dr. –Ing Naveed Ramzan 31
Radiation Pyrometer
Radiation pyrometers
PEC – UET Lahore Dr. Shahid Naveed 7. Dezember 2021 / Dr. –Ing Naveed Ramzan 32
Radiation Pyrometer
PEC – UET Lahore Dr. Shahid Naveed 7. Dezember 2021 / Dr. –Ing Naveed Ramzan 33
Expansion Thermometers
Bimetallic Thermometer
(Expansion of solids)
PEC – UET Lahore Dr. Shahid Naveed 7. Dezember 2021 / Dr. –Ing Naveed Ramzan 34
Expansion Thermometers
Bimetallic Thermometer
(Expansion of solids)
PEC – UET Lahore Dr. Shahid Naveed 7. Dezember 2021 / Dr. –Ing Naveed Ramzan 35
Expansion Thermometers
Bimetallic Thermometer
(Expansion of solids)
Thermal expansion methods: Bimetallic sensors
PEC – UET Lahore Dr. Shahid Naveed 7. Dezember 2021 / Dr. –Ing Naveed Ramzan 36
Expansion Thermometers
Bulb
Capillary tube
Pressure element
Scale
Spiral Type
Bourdon Tube
PEC – UET Lahore Dr. Shahid Naveed 7. Dezember 2021 / Dr. –Ing Naveed Ramzan 37
Expansion Thermometers
PEC – UET Lahore Dr. Shahid Naveed 7. Dezember 2021 / Dr. –Ing Naveed Ramzan 38
Expansion Thermometers
PEC – UET Lahore Dr. Shahid Naveed 7. Dezember 2021 / Dr. –Ing Naveed Ramzan 39
Data Required to Provide Measurement of Process
Temperature
PEC – UET Lahore Dr. Shahid Naveed 7. Dezember 2021 / Dr. –Ing Naveed Ramzan 40
Data Required to Provide Measurement of Process
Temperature
PEC – UET Lahore Dr. Shahid Naveed 7. Dezember 2021 / Dr. –Ing Naveed Ramzan 41
Data Required to Provide Measurement of Process
Temperature
PEC – UET Lahore Dr. Shahid Naveed 7. Dezember 2021 / Dr. –Ing Naveed Ramzan 42
Data Required to Provide Measurement of Process
Temperature
PEC – UET Lahore Dr. Shahid Naveed 7. Dezember 2021 / Dr. –Ing Naveed Ramzan 43
Criteria for Selecting a Suitable Temperature
Measuring
Instrument
PEC – UET Lahore Dr. Shahid Naveed 7. Dezember 2021 / Dr. –Ing Naveed Ramzan 44
Summary of Temperature Sensor Characteristics
PEC – UET Lahore Dr. Shahid Naveed 7. Dezember 2021 / Dr. –Ing Naveed Ramzan 45
Summary of Temperature Sensor Characteristics
PEC – UET Lahore Dr. Shahid Naveed 7. Dezember 2021 / Dr. –Ing Naveed Ramzan 46
Discussion & Questions?