The Process of Speech

Production
Presents By:
Bunga NuurPrimayu Utami
(S200170037)
 What is Speech Production?

Speech production is the process

by which thoughts are translated
into speech. This includes the
selection of words, the organization
of relevant grammatical forms, and
then the articulation of the resulting
sounds by the motor system using
Speech Organ
 The larynx is in the neck, It is like a box,
inside which are the vocal folds, two thick flaps of muscle. In a normal position, the vocal
folds are apart and we say that the glottis is open (figure a). When the edges of the vocal
folds touch each other, air passing through the glottis will usually cause vibration (figure b).
This opening and closing is repeated regularly and gives what is called voicing.

Larynx a( Normal Position) b

(Open)
The only distinction between the first sounds of
sue and zoo for example is that [s]
is voiceless, [z] is voiced. The same goes for few
and view, [f] is voiceless, [v] is voiced. If
you now say [ssssszzzzzsssss] or [fffffvvvvvfffff]
you can either hear the vibrations of the
[zzzzz] or [vvvvv] by sticking your fingers into
your ears, or you can feel them by touching
the front of your larynx
In English the following consonants
are voiced: b, d, g, v, , z, , l, r, j, w, d,
m, n, M
The following ones are unvoiced: p,
t, k, f, s, R, h,
 Bilabial sounds are produced when the lips are brought
together.
Examples are [p], which is voiceless, as in pay or [b] and [m]
which are
voiced, as in bay, may.
 Alveolar sounds are made by raising the tip of the tongue
towards the ridge
that is right behind the upper front teeth, called the alveolar
ridge. Examples
are [ t,s ] too,sue, both voiceless, and [d,z,n,l,r ] do, zoo,
nook, look, rook,
all voiced.
 There are 2 processes in
Speech Production
1. Planning means, first the
speakers plan what they want to
say based on how they want to
say based on how they want to
give effect to their listeners.
2. Execution means then the
speaker put their plan into
execution, uttering the segments,
 Processes in Planning and
Executing Speech
a. Discourse Plan: The speakers decide what kind of
discourse they are going to take in part.
b. Sentence Plan: After the speaker s have decided
on the discourse, then they have o select the
right sentence suitable with the discourse. In
planning sentence, speaker have 3 options to
choose: the propositional content, the
illocutionary content, and the thematic structure.
 c. Constituent Plan: Once the
listeners have decided on the kind
of a sentence, they then can begin
planning its constituent. In so
doing they have to pick up the
right words, phrases, or idioms and
put them in the right order.
 d. Articulatory Program: After
specific words or phrases are
chosen, the speaker then put them
into an articulatory program.
e. Articulations: It is the execution
of the contents of the articulatory
program. This process results in
audible sounds, the speech the
speakers intend to produce
Sources of Planning Difficulty

1. Cognitive Reasons
2. Anxiety
3. Social reasons