First Aid

Quiz I

Please Study
 First Aid
Day III Objectives
• The student will define and apply the term Triage
• The students will be able to assess and treat for Shock
• The students will be able to distinguish be the different
Types of Bleeding
• The students will be able to identify and use the different
types of Bandages and Dressings
• The students will be able to identify the different Types of
Wounds
• The student will be able to assess and Care for Wounds

SOLs: 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.3c, 9.3d, 9.3e, 9.4a, 9.4b, 9.5a, 9.5c,9.5d, 9.5e
 Prioritizing Care
More than 1 Victim
(COPY)
Triage: the process of prioritizing (to put in order) sick or injured people
for treatment according to the seriousness of the condition or injury.
 Prioritizing Care
More than 1 Victim
Triage (COPY)
• Immediate Care
– Life-threatening emergencies
– Immediate transport and advanced care
• Urgent Care
– Care and transportation can be delayed up to one
hour if necessary
• Delayed Care
– Care and transportation for victims can be
delayed up to 3 hours
 Shock (COPY)

• Circulatory system fails to circulate

oxygen-rich blood to cells throughout
body.
– Heart failure
– Fluid loss
– Respiratory
Shock Signs/Symptoms (COPY)

• Restlessness and altered mental status

• Pale, cold, or clammy skin
• Rapid breathing and heart rate
• Changes in responsiveness
 Caring for Shock (COPY)

• 1. Activate EMS
• 2. Assess
• 3. Respond to other life-threatening
emergencies
• 4. Place victim on back (shock positions)
– Elevate legs and prevent body heat loss
– Care for life-threatening emergencies
SHOCK (COPY)

– Care for shock

• Elevate legs
• Maintain normal body temp
• Shock Positions
Anaphylaxis
 Anaphylaxis (COPY)

• Shock caused by reaction to: medications, foods, insect

stings, plants, radioactive dyes.
• Can be life-threatening and requires immediate medical
attention.
• Call 9-1-1 and use epinephrine if prescribed
– Swollen face
– Difficulty breathing
– Tightness in chest or throat
– Dizziness
 BLEEDING
• Overview
– Control bleeding:
• Direct pressure
• Elevate
 Types of Bleeding (COPY)

• Arterial:
– Spurting
• Venous
– Gushing
• Capillary
– Oozing
• Internal
- bruising
 Controlling External Bleeding (COPY)

• Direct Pressure
– Fingers or palm of hand
• Elevate Body Part
• Pressure Bandage
• Pressure Points
 Bandages and Dressings
• Dressings • Bandages
– Adhesive Strips – Roller Bandages
– Trauma Dressings – Triangular Bandages
– Gauze Pads
 Internal Bleeding (COPY)

• Care for shock and call 9-1-1

– Bruises and contusions
– Painful, tender, rigid, bruised abdomen
– Vomiting or coughing up blood
– Stool that is black or contains blood
 WOUNDS (COPY)

• Overview: Injuries to soft tissue

– Open Wound
– Impaled Object
– Closed Wound
– Amputation
 Caring for Wounds (COPY)

• Open Wounds: Care for bleeding and

infection are primary responsibilities. May
need sutures
• Closed Wounds: Bleeding floods the
inner tissue
• Potentially life-threatening:
– Multiple wounds
– Extensive size or depth
 Care for Wounds cont…
Wounds requiring medical attention
– Arterial bleeding
– Deep incision, laceration, or avulsion that;
• Goes into the muscle or bone
• Is located on a body part that bends (knee, elbow)
• Tends to gape widely
• Is located on thumb or palm (nerve damage)
– Uncontrolled bleeding
– A large or deep puncture wound
 Care for Wounds cont…
• A large embedded object or a deeply embedded
object of any size
• Foreign matter left in the wound
• Animal or human bite
• Possibility of a scar (needs sutures)
• Eyelid cut
• Split lip
• Internal bleeding
• Tetanus not current
• Uncertainty about how to treat
Specific Types of Wounds (COPY)
• Abrasions:
– Top layer of skin rubbed or scraped away.
– Little or no blood loss
• Puncture:
– Deep and narrow
– Object pierces through skin
 Specific Wounds cont… (COPY)

• Incision:
– Smooth cut or slice through one or more layers of skin
• Laceration:
– Skin tissue and skin layers torn leaving rough or uneven
edges
Specific Wounds cont… (COPY)

• Avulsion
– Piece of skin is torn or left hanging from the
body
 Respond: Open Wounds (COPY)

• Control Bleeding
– Direct pressure and elevation
• Clean Injury
– Clean shallow wounds with soap and water
– Do NOT clean deep wounds
• Bandage and Protect
– Bandage and apply antibiotic ointment to minor wounds
• Sutures: Within 6-8 hours of injury leads to faster
healing, reduces infection, and lessens scarring
– Sutures not needed when
• Skin of cut edges fall together
• Shallow cuts less than one inch
 Closed Wounds (COPY)

• Occurs when a blunt object strikes the body

• Skin is not broken, but tissue and blood vessels
below surface are crushed, causing flooding with
nearby tissue
Respond: Closed Wounds (COPY)

• Cool Area
– Apply ice or cold pack to reduce swelling and
bleeding
• Control Bleeding
– Wrap with elastic bandage and elevate above
level of heart
• Monitor and Care
– Watch for possible fractures and/or other
injuries
 Impaled Objects (COPY)

• Usually extend into the fat, muscle, and other tissue

• Can cause severe bleeding if object penetrates a
major blood vessel or organ
 Respond: Impaled Object (COPY)

• Control Bleeding
– Remove surrounding clothing
– Place pressure around object to stop bleeding
• Stabilize Injury
– Use bulky dressing
– Do NOT remove object
• Bandage and Protect
• Activate EMS
 Amputations (COPY)

• Cutting or tearing off of a body part

• Usually bleed heavily
• Activate EMS immediately
 Respond: Amputations (COPY)

• Wrapped severed tissue in sterile gauze and keep it

cold and dry by placing it in a sealed plastic bag and
putting ice on it
• Control Bleeding
– Direct pressure to wound
• Elevate
• Bandage and Protect
– Sterile or clean dressing and bandage
• Transport tissue and victim to hospital
 Respond Con’t: Amputations (COPY)

• Elevate
• Bandage and Protect
– Sterile or clean dressing and bandage
• Transport tissue and victim to hospital
Wound Care Precautions (COPY)
• If wound involves metal
– Tetanus shot may be necessary
• Avoid direct contact with blood
• Do NOT clean large or severe wounds
• Do NOT scrub a wound
 Bell Ringer # 3
Summertime Blues
Scenario #7
• It is the middle of summer, Erin and Reba have decided
to paint their house. They put on the radio and their
swimming suits, heading outside to paint. When they
are about finished with the first coat, Erin begins to feel
faint. Reba checks her pulse, finding it to be weak and
fast, but her skin is sweaty, and cool. What has
happened to Erin, and what can be done to save her?
• Describe what steps you would take to help Erin and
why you would take these actions.