REALITY-BASED

STUDY ON
FACTORS
AFFECTING THE
HEALTH OF
MAMANWA
TRIBE
IN BRGY. CANAWAY,
KITCHARAO, AGUSAN
DEL NORTE
PHILOSOPHY 2 TF 4:30 PM – 6:00 PM
 INTRODUCTION
“Health is wealth.”. Having a sufficient wellness is a state of being free
from physical or psychological disease or malfunction. There are many
people whom practices myriad activities to sustain their health status such
as attaining proper sanitation by practicing waste segregation, by being
vigilant to the safety of their water sources and by personal hygiene.

Sanitation is the process of providing services and facilities which safely

dispose of human wastes and maintain public hygiene, Wherein the
proper segregation of waste, using clean and safe toilets and
contaminated water resources are the essential factors to attain effective
sanitation that prevents illnesses.
 INTRODUCTION
Mamanwas is one of the indigenous people who
first settle in the Philippines. They are people
who are black-skinned, small of frame, kinky-
haired, snub-nose and with black eyes. They are
living a simple life and they rely on the
subsistence economy which means that they
only eat on what they have sowed; solely
thriving on the sustenance of natural resources
that provides their basic needs, such as hunting,
gathering and subsistence agriculture. They also
used to settle one place to another whenever a
certain occupied area is on the verge of
depleting resources.
 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study will help to answer the problem in regards with the health status of Mamanwas
in Barangay Canaway, Kitcharao and extent that it might become humongous aid to such
following people:
• Students - This study was serves as a source of information to the health of the
Mamanwas, including their conditions and rough yet simple existential well-being.
• Society - This study emanates to give awareness to the people in the society on certain
problems that may reappear in regards with health and aid.
• Parents - It is important to the parents who are responsible for the security of the health
of their children. It will serve as an additional source of information regarding health.
• School administration - This study serves as a source of information in implementing
health programs that might become an avenue to reach a helping hand on the
Mamanwa tribe in spite in their health status.
• Future researchers - This study will serve as their basis whenever a similar or related
study is established and that may be an aid for the success of their future research.
 SCOPE AND LIMITATION

This study limits only on the factors affecting the health of

Mamanwa tribe by encompassing the personal hygiene, proper
waste management and proper sanitation aspects flourishing in
Barangay Canaway, Kitcharao, Agusan del Norte. Disregarding the
factors that might have been affecting the health of the other tribe
nearby since the researchers will solely focus on a single assigned
aborigine which is the Mamanwa.
 METHODOLOGY
This chapter includes the research design, the respondents of the study, the research locale,
the research instruments, procedures and treatment used in the study.

Research Design Research

Research Locale Instruments
 METHODOLOGY
Research Design:
The descriptive research method was used in this study. The form that was
used in this study is made in questionnaires, which serve as the instrument to find
answers to the problem that were formulated in the study.
Research Locale:
This study was conducted in Canaway, Kitcharao, Agusan del Norte. The
selected baragay was reached through riding a bus, equivalent to 2-3 hours of riding.
Research Instruments
As the researchers conducted their case study entitled “Reality Based Study
on Factors That Affects The Health Of Mamanwa Tribe in Canaway, Kitcharao, Agusan
del Norte”, the researchers used some of the tool/s that needed in gathering
information. To ensure that the researchers have a productive interview, the
researchers use some tool/s to gather information: a. questionnaires; b. DSLR
Camera.
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Graph 1: Water Source
100%

80%

60%

40%

20% 100% 100% 0%

0% 0%
0
Availability of Water Deep well Natural Tap water Government-owned
in House Water District

Source of water
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

All of 10 Mamanwa respondents don’t have their own water in their

house. They just rely on the water that nature gives, and that they rely their
needs of water only in deep well and in natural water wherein their fundamental
activities such as laundry, bathing, washing dishes, watering the plants and
their agricultural pets depends on it.
In this case, most of people use water that came only from deep well
because of the lack of supplies and that they cannot afford to buy materials to
connect to the main water reservoir, only to the natural resources, specifically
in terms of water source.
To rapport the table clearly, it is much more likely that the only source of
drinkable water they have is the unsafe water from deep well. In this situation,
both urban and rural areas in the Philippines are facing similar issues such as
with water distribution and quality with safe water source. Their health must be
ensured with safe and reliable water system.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

100 Graph 2 Waste Subcategory

80

60

40

20
0% 30% 0%
0
. Proper segregation Availability of trash Provision of
of waste material garbage collectors
bins in house
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Graph 2 shows the frequency and percentage of the respondents who

have practice proper segregation of waste in their house, 100% of it answered
no. Patently because base on the Graph above that 0% of the Respondents
agreed to have been practicing proper segregation.
According to the respondents, it is because of the lack of knowledge on
that aspect. In exercising proper segregation of waste it will also help us to
prevent sickness and diseases. Most of the respondents do not have trash bins
and there is no trash bins inspection in their barangay.
On the other hand,. 30% of the respondents have only available trash
bins in their house because they do not mind proper disposal of garbage.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Graph 2.2 WAYS OF DUMPING WASTE MATERIALS

10% 10% INDICATORS

COMPOST PIT

CLUSTER
40% 40%
BURNING

DUMP IN THE RIVER

 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The Respondents said that Barangay don’t have a garbage. In this case,
the Mamanwa tribe is having difficulty on managing their wastes, however, the
graph correlates what are the present mechanisms they use in managing
wastes.
Furthermore, In this result it is revealed that most of the families often
cluster the waste that is subject to be burned, equivalent to 40% out of 100%
household. This is because it’s the most convenient and easy way on
managing wastes. Consequently, this is also the result of having unscheduled
waste disposal that the local government is ought to do. In addition, Mamanwa
tribe uses a compose pit with 10% and dumping of garbages in the river of
10%.
Graph 3 Toilet Subcategory

TYPES OF TOILET USE

100
10%
INDICATORS 80

PRIVATE 60

90% COMMUNAL 40 100%

20 0% 0%
AVAILABILITY OF TOILETS
0
SQUAT TYPE WESTERN TYPE BUHOS
TYPE OR
PORCELAIN
THRONE
TYPE
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The Graph 3 shows that 90% of the Mamanwa community doesn’t have
their own toilets and only 10% have their own toilet.
On the other hand, the type of toilet that the Mamanwa tribe has is only
the Buhos type or Porcelain-throne type. This is because they only rely on the
toilet the government provided.
The reason why they don’t have their own toiletry is because of poverty
and lack of supplies to build their own. In this situation, it is very dangerous to
risk the health of these people, because lack of sanitary toilet could lead to the
development of diarrhea, cholera, dysentery, parasitic worms and infections
especially on vulnerable children. Hence, it is very important to have their own
toilets to ensure the safety of the family.
 Graph 4. Kitchen Utensils Sanitation Category

INDICATORS INDICATORS
10%
10% 10% DIRECTLY PUT ON
STERILIZE 10% THE TABLE THEN
COVER WITH CLOTH

WASH WITH SOAP

30% TRAY

40% PAIL
90% 20%
BASIN

Exercising proper sanitation Availability of suitable containers

 Kitchen Utensils Sanitation Category

100 Graph 4.3 DISHWASHING REAGENT USED

80

60

40
90%
20 10%
0% 0%
0
Dishwashing Dishwashing Powder Soap
liquid paste detergent detergent
 Kitchen Utensils Sanitation Category

The Respondents which are the Mamanwa tribe really exercised proper
sanitation on their kitchen utensils. After eating, they wash their dishes and put
them together in their proper places or containers, in addition, one respondent
exhibits sterilization after washing.
This is to avoid any complications in terms of their health conditions if
they practice improper sanitation of their kitchen wares. According to the
Respondents that they mostly wash it after using, however, a Respondent also
answered that she practices sterilization after washing it with a dishwashing
liquid
 Kitchen Utensils Sanitation Category

The Graph shows that every kitchen wares of the Mamanwa tribe has
its own proper container. They don’t put them together in one container
instead designate them in their proper utensil trays. 30% of the Respondents
put their kitchen utensils in a tray, and 20% in pail and 40% in basin to ensure
the vulnerable while 10% only put it on the table and cover it with clothing.
They see to it that the tray has a cover to enclose their kitchen wares
and free from dirt or any microorganisms such as pathogens that might cause
complications.
The Mamanwa tribe is very conscious when it comes to what type of
washing reagents. As we have seen that 90% of the Respondents prefer to
use dishwashing liquid than any other washing mechanism but bar detergent.
This is because they want to ensure their safety, which is why they chose the
appropriate washing reagent.
 Graph 5. Medicine Category

10% INDICATORS
SYNTHETIC

HERBAL
90%

According to the obtained data that only 10% of people uses synthetic
medicine such as Amoxicillin or Paracetamol for slight fever, Ibuprofen for body
pain and Loperamide for sudden diarrhea. This indicates that 9 out of 10
Respondents prefer to practice herbal medicines to mend familiar sickness.
The fact that this tradition and lifestyle is still practice, it most likely specifies
this methodology sustains them still.
 Applied Medicinal Herbs and their Uses

MEDICINAL HERBS USES

PANJOPANA For mild injury such as sprain and the like

PANSIT-PANSITAN Arthritis, inflammatory, diarrhea, fever and headache.

For children to mend rashes and other inflammatory illnesses.

SAWAN-SAWAN

HILBAS Is used to mend mild fever or pyrexia.

SAMBONG Headache, kidney stone, fever or pyrexia.

KALABO Sore throat, asthma, cold, cough and flu

The medicinal herbs is still used by this type of community. It only indicates how effective these are.
This only means that despite the availability of the synthetic medicines, but if they still use this medicinal
plants, it means that it really effective.
Response on the Free Medical checkups and
Medicines in the Barangay

According to the entire Respondents,

the government is still providing them free
medical check-ups and supplying them free
medicines to aid their daily lives. Moreover,
the Respondents added that, there are
missions conducted by the Military offering
free circumcision to male children, yet, the
last mission was 3 years ago from now. This
only means that the free checkups and
medicinal supply can only be obtained from
the nearby clinic.
 Barangay Maternity Clinic Nearby

All Respondents acknowledged that the

barangay administration offers maternity
clinic nearby for safety labour. During the
interview, the researchers have
discovered that this community is
flourishing, for we have seen children
around the house. Indicating that safe
and reliable maternity clinic is present.
Maternity clinic is a must in each
barangays because it has been
prohibited by the government to have a
nearby institutional care to ensure the
safety of both mother and baby
Graph 6. Hygiene Category

10%

10%
80%
80%
DOESN’T DRINK SMOKING
ALCOHOLIC
BEVERAGE
Graph 6. Hygiene Category

100% 10%
0%
100%

X
BRUSHING TEETH 3 EXERCISE REGULARLY
DAILY BATHE TIMES A DAY
Usual food they eat
VEGETABLES
10%

MEAT
FISH
 Hygiene Category

The hygiene of each of the Mamanwa Respondents, wherein

represents their entire population. Base on results that the
community doesn’t drink alcoholic beverages, while 10% only
smoke. They also take a bath every day and brush their teeth,
indicating that they are very hygienic. Nonetheless, they don’t
exercise regularly because of their busy daily living. As far as the
usual food of the Mamanwas is concerned, they said that they
oftentimes eat vegetables, fish and meat, especially fish, because
it is very rampant in the society.
 Conclusion
In the existing state of affairs of the Mamanwa community, they
are very prone to sickness, not to mention the fact that this might be
because of the lack of awareness in terms with this information
especially on how to properly segregate waste and might be also
because of poverty because of the lack of private toilet. Clinics and
other centers that help them may be present but it doesn’t ensure
prosperous sickness-free community. What the researchers have found
doesn’t only concede to the types of medicinal use they’d rather apply
but also their way of living. One of the most essential aspect to ensure
that a person is healthy is his/her lifestyle such as the consistency of
exercising the body. However, response of the interviewees from the
obtained data implies that they don’t exercise every day that might
actually become an avenue to have a healthy body condition.
Recommendation
The Mamanwa cultural group in Barangay Canaway, Kitcharao,
Agusan Del Norte is one of the amazing group of people, The
researcher recommend the following:

• To the Government
• To the Mamanwa Community
• To the future reseachers
Thank You 