Metro Ethernet-Mod

IP
Video
Servers
IP Voice
UNI
UNI
IP PBX
Data CE Metro
Ethernet
Network IP Video
CE
IP Voice
UNI
CE K K Singh
Data
DGM(DX), ALTTC, Ghaziabad
Tel: 0120-2728209 (Off)
Tel: 0120-2728219 (Res)
Email: kk_singh@bsnl.in
ALTTC/ DX Faculty/ KKS/ Metro_Ethernet_Solutions/ Feb-2005 1

Metro Ethernet in Access
Broadcaster Service
provision
Internet / Telecom
Provider
Broadcast
Network High speed Core Internet
transport Core Network
IP, ATM, SDH,
MPLS, WDM
Headend Node
LMDS WiMAX POTS ISDN

MMDS WiFi, GSM
Access xDSL fibre HFC
GPRS UMTS FTTH Metro Ethernet
User
Terminal
Ethernet, the ultimate choice !!
Ubiquitous (existing or being everywhere, at the

same time or simply omnipresent)
Simple,
Global Open Standard
“plug & play”
• Faster speeds
• Switched Ethernet
• Duplex operation
• Dedicated bandwidth to the user
• Selective broadcasts
• Rate-adaptive interfaces
• Longer Reach
Most popular Lowest cost data
interface for IP interface
traffic
The No. 1 networking choice for

Enterprises

Existing Ethernet Standards
Eth. Std. Medium Speed Distance
Co-axial:
10 BASE 5 Thick Coaxial 10 mbps 500 meters
10 BASE 2 Thin Coaxial 10 mbps 185 meters
Copper:
10 BASE T Unshielded Twisted Pair 10 mbps 100 meters
1000 BASE CX Shielded Twisted Pair 1000 mbps 25 meters
Fiber:
1000 BASE SX MMF (Short wave laser) 1000 mbps 550 meters
1000 BASE LX MMF (Long wave Laser) 1000 mbps 550 meters
1000 BASE LX SMF (Long Wave Laser) 1000 mbps 5000 meters
Extending Ethernet Range (Pt-to-Pt)
Dark fibers are used to achieve pt-to-pt

Ethernet beyond 5000 meters (5 km) upto
70/80 km over single mode fibers
A pair of media converters is used to
convert the electrical to optical and vice
versa
Maximum Distance
70 ~ 80 Km
10/100bT
10/100bT
GbE
GbE Dark Fiber
SMF
Customer
Provider Edge Router
Router Media Media
Converter Converter

Extending Ethernet Range (Pt-to-Pt)
Disadvantages of Ethernet over DF:

Dark fibers are not always available
Not a scalable solution
Additional load on Network engineers to
maintain the fibers
Another solution is to send the traffic
over pt-to-pt serial links like
E1 (2mbps) & E3 (34mbps) over existing
PDH/SDH networks
Layer 2 protocol conversion (MAC ~ PPP)
Stop-Gap Access Solutions (Pt-to-Pt)
Serial Serial
Interface No Distance Interface
limitation
E1/E3 PPP/HDLC E1/E3

Providers Customer
PCM PDH/SDH Network PCM Ethernet
High speed
Customer Network
core Provider Edge Router
Router
Disadvantages:
Creates a bottleneck (10/100/1000 mbps
to 2mbps/34 mbps link)
Protocol Conversion, Ethernet to PPP/HDLC
which introduces complexity and requires a
layer 3 device like router as CPE
The Access Bottleneck
100Mbps 1 Gbps
LAN
100baseT
Gigabit
Ethernet
ESCON
High-speed DSL
ISP
communications in the IPVPN
home & office
Fiber in small
percentage
of Buildings
Gbps/ Tbps Backbones and WANs

Removing the Metro Bottleneck
Content &
Application
Providers
Metro Optics
Packet
Backbone
Deep Optics
Extend the performance, reliability and scalability of

the Technologies deployed in Packet Backbone into
the metro
Optical Ethernet Deployment
Enterprise Network
TDM FR / Ethernet
Circuits ATM
SDH Services
Optical Services (DWDM) RPR Services
Direct Fiber

Metro Optical Ethernet Solutions
Ethernet Over Direct Fiber
Used for traffic aggregation, typically near edge of
network
Ethernet Over SONET/SDH
Mapping of 10/100/1000 Mbps using virtual
Concatenation (VCAT) & Generic Framing Procedure
(GFP)
Ethernet Over DWDM
High-speed Interconnection of
aggregated segments and high-bandwidth services
Ethernet Over RPR Ring
Distributed Ethernet switching
Ethernet UNI definition
Ethernet Over Passive Optical Networks (EPONs)
A new technology which drives Ethernet over passive
network elements (powerless)

Optical Implementation
Internet
Data Center
Ethernet
over RPR
Data
Center
Ethernet over
SDH/DWDM
Ethernet
over Fiber
Data
Center
Internet

Ethernet over SDH

Advantages of Ethernet over SDH
Common platform to carry TDM and

Ethernet services
End to end performance monitoring
with guaranteed QoS for both TDM and
Data traffic.
Full fault management
SDH resiliency <50 ms switching time
for both data and TDM traffic
End to End management, provisioning
and billing
Long Distance Coverage
SONET/SDH Digital Hierarchy
Optical Electrical Line Rate Payload Overhead SDH

Level Level (Mbps) Rate (Mbps) Equivalent
(Mbps)
OC-1 STS-1 51.840 50.112 1.728 -
OC-3 STS-3 155.520 150.336 5.184 STM-1
OC-12 STS-12 622.080 601.344 20.736 STM-4
OC-48 STS-48 2488.320 2405.376 82.944 STM-16
OC-192 STS-192 9953.280 9621.504 331.776 STM-64
OC-768 STS-768 39813.120 38486.016 1327.104 STM-256

Ethernet over SDH (Efficiency)
Frame relay cannot scale beyond DS3 (44.736 mbps)

ATM cannot scale beyond STM-4 (622.080 mbps) due to SAR
speed limitations
Ethernet rates are 10 mbps, 100 mbps 1000 mbps (1 gbps) &
10000 mbps (10 gbps)– Scaling is not a problem !!
Ethernet over SDH on long haul networks is inefficient (see
table below)
Ethernet SONET/SDH SONET/SDH Effective Payload Bandwidth
Rates Rates Efficiency
10 mbps OC-1/STS-1 51.840 mbps 50.112 mbps ~ 20 %
100 mbps OC-3/STM-1 155.520 150.336 mbps ~ 67 %

mbps
1 gbps OC-48/STM-16 2448.320 2405.376 mbps ~ 42 %
mbps
10 gbps OC-192/STM-64 9953.280 9621.504 mbps ~ 104 %
mbps

Optimization of Ethernet over SDH
To optimize the transport of Ethernet over

SONET/SDH links, two new technologies
have been standardized.
Virtual Concatenation (VCAT)
Generic Framing Procedure (GFP)
Virtual Concatenation allows for non-
standard SONET/SDH multiplexing to
increase bandwidth efficiency
provides encapsulation efficiency and
eliminates inter-working Functions if any.

Virtual concatenation is valid for
STS-1 rates (51.84 mbps) as well as
the lower tributaries (1.544
mbps/2.048 mbps)
Virtually concatenated channels may
be deployed on the existing
SONET/SDH network with a simple
endpoint upgrade.
All the equipment currently in the
center of the network need not be
aware of the virtual concatenation.
CPE
CPE
10/100
10/100
GbE
GbE
802.1q VLAN SDH Ring 802.1q VLAN

tag (OC-48c/STM-16) tag
1 Gbps
7 STM 1 Pipes
STS-3-7v (155.520 x 7 = 1088.640 mbps)
Gigabit Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet

(1000 mbps) (1000 mbps)

The Virtual SONET pipe size may be :

Multiple of STS-1 (51.84 mbps) for high-order
VCAT
VCAT rates are designated by STS-m-nv for
high-order (e.g. STS-1-2v for 100mbps Fast
Ethernet)
Note: “nv” indicates a multiple n of the STS-m
base rate
Multiple of 1.544 mbps (VT1.5) or 2.048 mbps
(VT2) for low-order VCAT
VCAT rates for lower order are designated by
VT-m-nv (e.g. VT-2-5v for 10 mbps Ethernet)
Note: “nv” indicates a multiple n of the VT-m
base rate
Ethernet over SDH (optimization)
Ethernet Virtual SONET/SDH Effective Bandwidth

Rates SONET Rates Payload Efficiency
pipe
10 mbps VT-2-5v 2.048 mbps 1.984 100 %
mbps
100 STS-1-2v 51.84 mbps 50.112 99.7 %
mbps mbps
1 gbps STS-3-7v 155.520 mbps 150.336 95 %
mbps

Router-A From
Fast Ethernet
OC-48c/STM-16
(100 mbps)
ADM DWDM
MUX
OC-48c/STM-16
Fast Ethernet
(100 mbps)
Router-C ADM 2xSTS1 pipe DWDM Ring

ADM DWDM
MUX
DWDM
MUX
OC-48c/STM-16
Ring ADM
OC-48c/STM-16
Fast Ethernet
(100 mbps)
Router-B
Differential Delay in VCAT
Individual STS-1’s or STS-3c’s sub-

channels can take different paths
through the SONET network.
This can introduce differential delay.
Buffering at the far end is required to
align the sub- channels and extract the
original frames.
The receiving end-point is then
responsible for reassembling the
original byte stream after compensating
the differential delay if any

Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme
LCAS is also useful for fault tolerance

and protection
LCAS has the ability to remove failed
pipes from the VCG (Virtual
Concatenation Group)
The VCG ends up operating at a
reduced bandwidth, but the VCG still
continues to carry data that is error-
free.
LCAS also can add an additional
tributary to the VCG when the demand
increases
Frame-mapped
Need to know the client protocol
Associate a length to each higher level
frame
Efficient: eliminate the need for byte
stuffing or for block encoding (e.g.,
8B/10B)
Transparent
No need to know the client protocol
Less efficient; can transmit signal even
when the client is idle
Generic Framing Procedure
GFP payload area
2 2 2 2 0-60
PLI cHEC Type tHEC GEH GFP payload
Payload Core Payload Type GFP GFP

length header type header extension payload
indicator error error headers
checking checking
GFP combines frame length indication with CRC

PLI indicated length of frame, then simply count characters
cHEC (CRC-16) protects against errors in count field (single-bit
error correction + error detection)
GFP designed to operate over octet-synchronous
physical layers (e.g. SONET)
Frame-mapped mode for variable-length payloads: Ethernet
Transparent mode carries fixed-length payload: storage
devices
Resilient Packet Ring (RPR)
IEEE 802.17

Resilient Packet Ring - IEEE 802.17
A New Ring MAC Protocol
(IEEE 802.17)
Unlike Ethernet over SDH no
reservation of resources like
(STS-1-5v) etc.,
Allows Packet Add/Drop & Pass
through
In Ethernet over SDH streams are
added/dropped & pass through
Effective Use of Bandwidth
Ring Protection RPR
Fast and reliable layer2
protection
Control Access Protocol
Fair access to ring BW
using Cisco’s Dynamic
Packet Transport (DPT)
Protocol
Resilient Packet Ring
Ethernet relies on the spanning

tree protocol for loop detection
and elimination, generally
recovering from a fault in 5-30
seconds
SONET/SDH offers to provide
protection from physical and
logical failures in the ring in 50ms
based on the Automatic Protection
Switching (APS) standard

Resilient Packet Ring
Cisco’s Dynamic Packet Transport

(DPT) based on Spatial Reuse
Protocol (SRP) takes advantage of
both the ring based architecture of
SONET and the packet
characteristics of Ethernet
IEEE worked on this, emerged with
RPR technology and came out with
IEEE 802.17 standard

RPR
Both rings are used to transport

User data (traffic) between nodes
Control (topology updates, protection and
bandwidth control) messages
Control messages flow in the opposite direction of the
traffic they represent
RPR has the ability to differentiate
between low and high priority packets
RPR node has the ability to transmit
high priority packets while temporarily
holding the lower priority packets in the
transit buffer

RPR
Inner Ring
Control
Inner Ring Outer Ring

Data Control
Outer Ring
Data

RPR Protection
FAULT

Ethernet over RPR (EoRPR)
CPE Aggregation POP
CPE OC192
10/100
10/100
10/100
GbE
802.1q
VLAN tag
Internet
Mapped to RPR
OC48
GbE Aggregation POP
Aggregation POP
with Internet POP
802.1q OC192
OC48 RPR Ring
VLAN tag
(EoRPR)
OC48 Central Office
Mapped to RPR OC48 OC192
10 GbE
GbE
GATEWAY
OC48 ROUTER
CPE
Aggregation POP
10/100
10 GbE GbE
OC192
GbE
OC48 RPR Ring CPE
GbE
(EoRPR)
802.1q
VLAN tag 10/100 OC48
OC48
CPE
OC48
OC48
GbE
OC48
10/100
GbE
802.1q
VLAN tag
802.1q
ALTTC/ DX Faculty/ KKS/ Metro_Ethernet_Solutions/ Feb-2005 VLAN tag 34
Ethernet in the First Mile
(EFM)

EFM Physical layer Specs.
Ethernet in the First Mile over Copper standards (EFMC):
2BASE-TL Baseband Physical based on SHDSL, Distance => 2.7 km on single pair
10PASS-TS Duplex on Single voice pair (UTP) using VDSL, Distance => 0.75 km PASS
(Voice+Data)
Ethernet in the First Mile over Fiber standards- pt-to-pt (EFMF):
100BASE-LX10 Duplex fiber physical, Distance 10 km on 1310nm laser
100BASE-BX10-D Single Fiber Bi-Directional 1550nm downstream laser (provider side)
100BASE-BX10-U Single Fiber Bi-Directional 1310nm upstream laser (customer side)
1000BASE-LX10 Duplex Fiber Extended (10 km) 1310nm long wavelength laser
1000BASE-BX10-D Single Fiber Bi-Directional 1550nm downstream laser (provider side)
1000BASE-BX10-U Single Fiber Bi-Directional 1310nm upstream laser (customer side)
Ethernet in the First Mile over Passive Optical Networks- pt-to-M-pt (EPON):
1000BASE-PX10-D PON 1490/1550nm downstream laser (provider side) – 10 km (Min)
1000BASE-PX10-U PON 1310nm upstream laser (customer side)- 10 km (Min)
1000BASE-PX20-D PON 1490/1550nm downstream laser (provider side)- 20 km (Min)
1000BASE-PX20-U PON 1310nm upstream laser (customer side) – 20 km (Min)

Ethernet over Passive Optical
Networks (EPON)

Ethernet over Passive Optical
Networks (EPON) Pt-to-M-Pt
Ethernet in the First Mile over Passive

Optical Networks (EPON) Pt-to-M-Pt
Two interfaces to cover a distance of
minimum 10 & 20 kms over 16:1 split ratio
are developed by IETF P802.3ah. New
standards has also come regarding 32:1
splits.
1000 BASE-PX 10: PHY for PON >= 10 km over
single SM fiber and >=16:1 split ratio
1000 BASE-PX 20: PHY for PON >= 20 km over
single SM fiber and >=16:1 split ratio

EFM Fiber Point-to-Multipoint
1000BASE-PX 10 & 1000BASE-PX 20
1 Gbps, 1:16 split ratio
10 km single mode fiber
Business and Residential access over SMF

Reach for Ethernet over fiber increased up to
10/20km.
1Gbps – Available bandwidth shared by up to 64
users
An Ethernet based alternative for Passive Optical
Networks.
Passive Optical Network (PON)
Passive Optical Networks (PONs)

Shares fiber optic strands for a portion of the
networks distribution
Uses optical splitters to separate and aggregate the
signal
Power required only at the ends
ATM PON – APON
Ethernet PON – EPON (Pt to M-Pt)
Gigabit Ethernet PON – GPON ( Pt to M-Pt)
Hybrid (Active/PON)
Uses Active Node (powered) and PON to
cover larger distances

Fiber loss in PON
• Fiber loss per km is 0.25 dB for1550 nm and 0.4

dB 1260 - 1360 nm
• When the signal is split two ways, half the power
goes one way and half goes the other.
• So each direction gets half the power, or the
signal is reduced by 10log(0.5)=3 dB.
//
//

PON link budgets
Link budget (Maximum loss planned) is
21 dB
maximum distance without amplification is
about 80 km
At 1550 nm, fiber exhibits loss of about 0.25
dB/km & at 1310 nm loss is 0.4 db/km
80km x 0.25 db/km = 20 db
Each two-way split results in a loss of
nominally ~3.5 dB of level, assume 4 dB
worst case.
Thus, each two-way split costs about 16 km
distance for 1550 nm & 10 km for 1310 nm
PON Link Budget
Split Loss dB Loss Km End to End

Range
1:2 4 16 80-16=64
1:4 8 32 80-32=48
1:8 12 48 80-48=32
1:16 16 64 80-64=16
1:32 20 80 80-80=0
1:64 24 96 80-96=-16
APON, EPON or GPON
Usually 10-20 km
OLT
//
// ONU
//
Optical splitter
(Passive Node – power is not
required)
1x16 (1x2, 1x8)
OLT : Optical Line Terminal
1x32 (1x4, 1x8) ONU: Optical Network Unit

Architectures – PON
1550 nm video
broadcast (if used)
OLT
1490* nm data
//
// ONU
//
1310 nm data
* Data may be transmitted at 1550 nm if not used for video

Architecture – Active Node
Up to 70 km Up to 16 km for 1:16 split

//
OLT
//
//
ONU
//
//
Active Node with processing

//
(powered)

Architectures – Active Node
//
OLT 1550 nm broadcast
(if used)
//
//
ONU
//
//
Data, 1310 & 1550 or 1490 nm //

Architecture – Hybrid PON
Up to 70 km Up to 10 km (Min)
OLT // //
Optical splitter //
//
// ONU
//
Active Node //
(powered)
// //
Optical splitter

Architectures – Hybrid PON
Single fiber, 1550 broadcast, 1310,1490 bidirectional data
OLT // //
1550 nm broadcast //
//
// ONU
//
//
Data, 1310 & 1550 or // //

1490 nm

Downstream Traffic in EPON
802.3x frame
4 3 2 1 1
FCS Payload Header
OLT // //
ONU 1
ONU 2
4 3 2 1 //
//
//
// // 4 3 2 1 2
Maximum 64 ONUs can be

configured 4 3 2 1 3
Every ONU receives the original // //

Frame which was sent from OLT
ONU 3
ONU filters only the traffic meant ONU 4
for that site with the help of an ID
//
Downstream traffic is normally 4 3 2 1 4
encrypted to avoid security breach

Upstream Traffic in EPON (TDMA)
802.3x frame
1 1
Header Payload FCS
OLT // //
1 2
ONU 1
ONU 2
1 2 3 4 //
//
//
// // 2 2
ONUs share the bandwidth in TDMA

Fashion when sending the traffic to 3 3
OLT (upstream) 3 4
Sufficient gap ( laser off) is

// //
maintained between frames from ONU 3
ONUs to avoid overlapping ONU 4
Upstream traffic from one ONU //

cannot be seen by other ONUs by the 4 4
Physics of Splitter/coupler

Ethernet Services

Services
Ethernet Services Model

Ethernet Definitions
Ethernet Line Services (ELINE)
Ethernet LAN Services (ELAN)
Circuit Emulation Service (CES)
Bandwidth Profiles Parameters
Committed Information Rate (CIR)
Peak Information Rate (PIR)

Ethernet Virtual Connection (EVC)
Point-to-Point
Multipoint-to-Multipoint
Leaf
Root
Leaf
Point-to-Multipoint

Ethernet Line (E-Line) Service
IP
Video
Point-to-Point
Ethernet Virtual Circuits (EVC)
Servers
IP Voice
Service
UNI Multiplexed
UNI
IP PBX
Data CE Metro
Ethernet
Network IP Video
CE
IP Voice
UNI
CE
Data
ELINE service is Point-to-Point and may describe both
Private Lines and Virtual Private Lines
May build a Frame Relay like service
A single site can have multiple ELINE connections to
other sites multiplexed over a single UNI.
Ethernet LAN (E-LAN) Service
Multipoint-to-Multipoint
Ethernet Virtual Circuit
(EVC) Servers
IP Voice
UNI
UNI IP
Data PBX
CE
Metro
Ethernet CE
Network
IP Voice
UNI IP Voice
UNI CE
CE
Data
Data
Service is Multipoint-to-Multipoint fully connected

TDM TSP CES CES TSP TDM

CE (Optional
IWF IWF (Optional
CE
TDM Link TDM Link

Metro Ethernet
Network
EVC
UNI-C UNI-N UNI-N UNI-C
ETH Access Link ETH Access Link

TDM Subscriber TDM Subscriber
Demarcation IWF – Interworking Function Demarcation
TSP – TDM Service Processor
TSP/
TDM CES IWF
CE TSP/
E3 CES IWF TDM
TSP/ CE
TDM CES IWF
CE E3
E1 MEN
TSP/ TDM
CES IWF CE
TSP/
TDM CES IWF STM1
CE
E1
Point to Point EVCs

TDM
CE
TDM
Multiplexing
Function
CES IWF
Fractional DS1 link CES IWF TDM
CE
MEN
TSP
Point to Point EVCs Head
Office
Full DS1 Link
CES IWF
Fractional DS1 Payload
To be multiplexed
TDM
Fractional DS1 links CE
TDM
CE

Working for common cause ?
10 Gigabit Ethernet Alliance

The Metro Ethernet Forum (MEF)
Ethernet in the First Mile Alliance (EFMA)
Fiber to the Home (FTTH) Fiber to the Cabinet (FTTCab)
Fiber to the Building (FTTB) Fiber to the Neighborhood (FTTN)
Fiber to the Business (FTTB) Fiber to the Curb (FTTC) (The

deployment of optical fiber from a
telephone switch to within 1,000 feet
of a home or enterprise)


Metro Ethernet-Mod

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IP

ALTTC/ DX Faculty/ KKS/ Metro_Ethernet_Solutions/ Feb-2005 1

LMDS WiMAX POTS ISDN

Ubiquitous (existing or being everywhere, at the

The No. 1 networking choice for

ALTTC/ DX Faculty/ KKS/ Metro_Ethernet_Solutions/ Feb-2005 3

Dark fibers are used to achieve pt-to-pt

ALTTC/ DX Faculty/ KKS/ Metro_Ethernet_Solutions/ Feb-2005 5

Disadvantages of Ethernet over DF:

E1/E3 PPP/HDLC E1/E3

ALTTC/ DX Faculty/ KKS/ Metro_Ethernet_Solutions/ Feb-2005 8

Extend the performance, reliability and scalability of

Optical Services (DWDM) RPR Services

ALTTC/ DX Faculty/ KKS/ Metro_Ethernet_Solutions/ Feb-2005 10

ALTTC/ DX Faculty/ KKS/ Metro_Ethernet_Solutions/ Feb-2005 11

ALTTC/ DX Faculty/ KKS/ Metro_Ethernet_Solutions/ Feb-2005 12

ALTTC/ DX Faculty/ KKS/ Metro_Ethernet_Solutions/ Feb-2005 13

Common platform to carry TDM and

Optical Electrical Line Rate Payload Overhead SDH

OC-3 STS-3 155.520 150.336 5.184 STM-1

OC-12 STS-12 622.080 601.344 20.736 STM-4

OC-48 STS-48 2488.320 2405.376 82.944 STM-16

OC-192 STS-192 9953.280 9621.504 331.776 STM-64

OC-768 STS-768 39813.120 38486.016 1327.104 STM-256

ALTTC/ DX Faculty/ KKS/ Metro_Ethernet_Solutions/ Feb-2005 15

Frame relay cannot scale beyond DS3 (44.736 mbps)

100 mbps OC-3/STM-1 155.520 150.336 mbps ~ 67 %

ALTTC/ DX Faculty/ KKS/ Metro_Ethernet_Solutions/ Feb-2005 16

To optimize the transport of Ethernet over

ALTTC/ DX Faculty/ KKS/ Metro_Ethernet_Solutions/ Feb-2005 17

802.1q VLAN SDH Ring 802.1q VLAN

Gigabit Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet

ALTTC/ DX Faculty/ KKS/ Metro_Ethernet_Solutions/ Feb-2005 19

The Virtual SONET pipe size may be :

Ethernet Virtual SONET/SDH Effective Bandwidth

ALTTC/ DX Faculty/ KKS/ Metro_Ethernet_Solutions/ Feb-2005 21

Router-C ADM 2xSTS1 pipe DWDM Ring

Individual STS-1’s or STS-3c’s sub-

ALTTC/ DX Faculty/ KKS/ Metro_Ethernet_Solutions/ Feb-2005 23

LCAS is also useful for fault tolerance

Payload Core Payload Type GFP GFP

GFP combines frame length indication with CRC

ALTTC/ DX Faculty/ KKS/ Metro_Ethernet_Solutions/ Feb-2005 27

Ethernet relies on the spanning

ALTTC/ DX Faculty/ KKS/ Metro_Ethernet_Solutions/ Feb-2005 29

Cisco’s Dynamic Packet Transport

ALTTC/ DX Faculty/ KKS/ Metro_Ethernet_Solutions/ Feb-2005 30

Both rings are used to transport

ALTTC/ DX Faculty/ KKS/ Metro_Ethernet_Solutions/ Feb-2005 31

Inner Ring Outer Ring

ALTTC/ DX Faculty/ KKS/ Metro_Ethernet_Solutions/ Feb-2005 32

ALTTC/ DX Faculty/ KKS/ Metro_Ethernet_Solutions/ Feb-2005 33

ALTTC/ DX Faculty/ KKS/ Metro_Ethernet_Solutions/ Feb-2005 35

100BASE-BX10-D Single Fiber Bi-Directional 1550nm downstream laser (provider side)

100BASE-BX10-U Single Fiber Bi-Directional 1310nm upstream laser (customer side)

1000BASE-BX10-D Single Fiber Bi-Directional 1550nm downstream laser (provider side)

1000BASE-BX10-U Single Fiber Bi-Directional 1310nm upstream laser (customer side)

1000BASE-PX10-U PON 1310nm upstream laser (customer side)- 10 km (Min)

1000BASE-PX20-D PON 1490/1550nm downstream laser (provider side)- 20 km (Min)

1000BASE-PX20-U PON 1310nm upstream laser (customer side) – 20 km (Min)

ALTTC/ DX Faculty/ KKS/ Metro_Ethernet_Solutions/ Feb-2005 36

ALTTC/ DX Faculty/ KKS/ Metro_Ethernet_Solutions/ Feb-2005 37

Ethernet in the First Mile over Passive