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Roberto Almeida G.
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 1
Introducción
Capa de Transporte
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 2
Objectives
Explain the role of Transport Layer protocols and
services in supporting communications across data
networks
Analyze the application and operation of TCP
mechanisms that support reliability
Analyze the application and operation of TCP
mechanisms that support reassembly and manage
data loss.
Analyze the operation of UDP to support
communicate between two processes on end devices
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 3
Roles of the Transport
Layer
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 4
Purpose of the Transport Layer
Segmentación de datos
Seguimiento de las
comunicaciones
Segmentación de
Datos
Reensamblaje de
segmentos
Identificación de
aplicaciones
Separación de
conversaciones
multiples.
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 5
Purpose of the Transport Layer
Las necesidades de los flujos son diferentes
–Protocolos de transporte
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Control de las Conversaciones
Segmentación y Reensamblaje
Multiplexación de
conversaciones
Orientadas a conexión
Entrega confiable
Ordenamiento
Control de flujo
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Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 7
Control de las Conversaciones
Establecer sesiones
Entrega confiable
Control de flujo
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Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 8
Supportig Reliable Communication
Aplicaciones diferentes tienen necesidades diferentes
Track, ACK, Retransmit
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Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 9
TCP y UDP
Protocolos mas comunes de L4
TCP RFC 793 UDP RFC 768
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Port Addressing
Las aplicaciones basadas en TCP/UDP registran las
comunicaciones.
Puertos. Clientes dinámicos. Servidores estáticos.
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Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 11
Port Addressing
Socket
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
Netstat
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Segmentation and Reassembly – Divide and
Conquer
Dividir los datos en piezas asegura que se transmiten
dentro de los límites del medio y que se pueden
multiplexar
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 13
Application and Operation of TCP Mechanisms
Trace the steps that show how the TCP reliability
mechanism works as part of a session
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 14
The TCP Protocol –
Communicating with
Reliability
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Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 15
TCP Making Convesations Reliable
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 16
TCP Server Processes
Un servidor no puede tener dos servicios asignados al
mismo número de puerto.
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TCP Connection Establishment and
Termination
Saludo de Tres vías
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TCP Connection Establishment and
Termination
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Managing TCP
Sessions
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Managing TCP Sessions
Reconstrucción en el orden original
Initial Sequence Number
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TCP Acknowledgement with Windowing
Confirmar recepción de los datos.
Cuál es el próximo byte que espero recibir
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 22
TCP Retransmition
Manejar la pérdida de segmentos.
Se retransmiten los que no se acusan recibo
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Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 23
TCP Congestion Control
Control de flujo
–Ventanas Deslizantes
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The UDP Protocol
Communicating with low
overhead
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UDP – Low overhead vs Reliability
No es orientado a la conexión.
–No retransmisión, secuencia, control de flujo
–Confiabilidad la da capa superior
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Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 27
UDP Server Processes and Requests
Al igual que en TCP, las aplicaciones UDP escuchan en
puertos bien conocidos o registrados.
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UDP Client Processes
Igual que en TCP se escoge origen destino
No se crean sesiones
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Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 29
Summary
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Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 30
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 31