Ipssc Ofswf Semi Autopistol Sample

TACTICAL TRAINING
TEAM
Military-Police-Civilian
Online Firearms Safety &
Weapon Familiarization
Course – Semi-Auto Pistol
www.ipssc.com
IPSSC Firearms Training Courses
Online Firearms Safety & Weapons Familiarization Course – Semi-Auto Pistol
Introduction
Welcome to the IPSSC Online Firearms Safety & Weapons Familiarization

Course for Semi-Auto Pistols.
This course is intended to impart, upon you, the knowledge required to safely
handle, operate, store and transport a semi-auto pistol, to recognize
and understand the function of its component parts and to have a
complete understanding of how the firearm operates so that you can
safely, quickly and effectively clear any malfunction that may occur
during normal use.
This course contains a large amount of in-depth information but is not
intended as a substitute for practical, hands-on training.
Online Firearms Safety & Weapons Familiarization Course – Semi-
Auto Pistol
The next few slides are just a sample of what is

included in this course… why not enroll on the
full course today? Go to:
http://www.ipssc.com/eLearning/
…set up your free account then select this

course and enroll for the low fee of just $35
today.
IPSSC Online Firearms Safety & Weapons Familiarization Course – Semi-Auto

Pistol
Lesson 1
Pistol anatomy and types

&
Pistol ammunition anatomy and types
Objectives
At the end of this lesson:
Students will be able to identify the different types of pistol and ammunition.
Additionally, students will be able to identify differences between the
various types of pistol and ammunition.
Part 1
Pistol Anatomy & Types

There are three types of pistol:

Revolver
Semi-automatic
Submachine Pistol (Full Auto)
Revolver
A revolver is a pistol that utilizes an attached
revolving cylindrical magazine of either
‘swing-out’ or ‘break-top’ type that will
usually hold between 5 and 7 rounds.
Cocking the weapon causes the cylinder to
rotate which aligns the chambers with the
barrel one at a time.
Single-action revolvers require that the
hammer is ‘thumbed’ back manually each
time before the weapon can be fired
whereas Double-action revolvers are
cocked and fired with one pull of the
trigger.
To reload a revolver, the shooter must
manually extract the spent cases first then
either load the cartridges into the each
chamber, one at a time or all at once
using a ‘speed loader’.
Semi Automatic
A semi automatic pistol or self loading pistol
utilizes a detachable spring-fed magazine
that usually holds between 8 and 15 rounds
of ammunition depending on caliber.
The weapon is cocked by pulling back on the

slide and releasing which causes the bolt to
engage the topmost round in the magazine
and feed it forward into the chamber – this is
called “chambering a round”.
When fired, part of the propellant gases cause

the slide to return to the rear where the bolt
engages yet another round and makes the
weapon ready to fire again.
A semi automatic pistol, once loaded and cocked

will fire once every time the trigger is pulled
until the ammunition stored in the magazine
is depleted or the weapon malfunctions.
Once the magazine is empty the slide normally

stays to the rear indicating to the shooter that
the magazine is empty and the weapon
needs to be reloaded.
Anatomy of a Revolver
The illustration below is a representation of the parts of a typical revolver.
Front Sight Blade
Chamber
Cylinder
Rear Sight Posts
Hammer
Muzzle
Barrel Cylinder Release
Ejector Rod
Crane
Trigger Guard
Trigger
Pistol Grip
Anatomy of a Semi Automatic Pistol

The illustration below is a representation of the parts of a typical semi automatic pistol.
Front Sight Slide Slide Release
Blade Rear Sight Posts
Muzzle Hammer
Decocker / Safety
Tactical Rail System
Grip
Trigger Guard
Trigger Backstrap
Magazine Release
Magazine
Anatomy of a Semi Automatic Pistol

The illustration below is a representation of the parts of a typical semi automatic pistol.
Front Sight Ejection Port
Blade Slide Rear Sight Posts
Muzzle Hammer
Extractor
Tactical Rail System
Grip
Trigger Guard
Trigger Backstrap
Magazine Release
Magazine
Part 2
Semi-Auto Pistol Components and

their functions
Semi-Auto Pistol Components and their functions
The next few slides will demonstrate the anatomy of a Semi-

Automatic Pistol by using photographic images to identify and
explain the function of, each individual part of the weapon.
Hammer
Slide Frame
Slide Release
Decocker /
Manual
Safety
Catch
Trigger Magazine Well
Trigger Guard
Frame
The frame of a Semi-Automatic Pistol is a major component that has

several operating features and houses several smaller components.
It’s main purpose is to provide for a grip allowing the weapon to be
held in a manner that will allow for it’s intended operation and to
provide a platform to which all the other components can be attached
and operated from.
The frame of a Semi-Automatic Pistol usually comprises of the
following features:
•Pistol Grip
•Magazine Housing
•Trigger Guard
•Ancillary Rail
The frame of a Semi-Automatic Pistol usually houses the following

components:
• Trigger Group / Firing Mechanism / Hammer
• Safety Catch / De-Cocking Lever
• Magazine Release Mechanism
• Slide Release Mechanism / Slide Retaining Pin
• Slide Locking Mechanism
• Ejector
The frame may also feature the following optional parts:
• Adrenalin Lanyard Loop
• Ancillary Rail System
• Adjustable Backstrap
• Safety Locking System
Slide
The slide is the part of the weapon on a majority of semi-automatic

pistols that moves during the operating cycle and generally houses the
firing pin or striker and the extractor, and serves as the bolt. It is spring
loaded so that once it has moved to its rearmost position in the firing
cycle, spring tension brings it back to the starting position chambering
a fresh cartridge during the motion provided that the magazine is not
empty.
Through the principles of recoil or blowback operation, the slide is
forced back with each shot. Generally, this action serves three
purposes: ejecting the spent casing, cocking the hammer or striker for
the next shot, and loading another cartridge into the chamber when
the slide comes forward.
Once the magazine is empty, the slide will usually lock back, released
only when the slide release mechanism is depressed; if a new
magazine is inserted before the slide release mechanism is depressed
then a new cartridge will be chambered.
Part 3
Pistol Ammunition
Bullet Shapes
The shape of a bullet dictates the aerodynamic and impact characteristics of the bullet.
Manufacturers always seem to be tinkering with the shape of bullets.
They are trying to find the right combination of materials and shape to make the perfect bullet.
So what is the perfect bullet? Well, that is a very good question.
The answer is that it hasn't been made yet!
Most bullet manufacturers will produce a variety of bullet shapes within one caliber.
Let's briefly discuss a few of them. All bullets will generally fall into several distinct shapes.
These shapes usually involve variances in nose and base of the bullet.
The two most common bullets for the longest time have been the round nosed lead bullet and
the full-metal-jacketed bullet.
Common examples of these can be seen on the next slide.
Round Nose Lead Lead ‘Wadcutter’

& &
Full-metal-jacketed bullets Semi-Wadcutter bullets
These bullets have a solid nose and as a result they remain fairly intact when they strike soft targets. In
a lot of cases they will pass right through a target when they don't encounter something significant like
bone. Solid nose bullets are commonly used in target practice and shooting competitions because they
are relatively inexpensive and have decent ballistic characteristics, but that's where the use of the solid
nosed, non-expanding bullet ends.
Because these bullets have a tendency to pass easily through a target the energy they have left is
wasted energy. Let's not misunderstand the purpose of a bullet when used against a living target. The
sole purpose of the bullet is to kill or incapacitate that living target, therefore wasted energy is not a
desirable characteristic of bullets used by law enforcement or by private citizens for hunting/self-
defense.
® ® ®
Winchester Black Talon Bullets (shown after firing) Federal Hydrashok Remington SJHP
The big focus today in bullet design is creating a bullet that has an expanding point. This expansion is
needed to slow down the bullet when it strikes a target. A bullet that expends all of its energy in a
target is more efficient and in turn produces more damage. Think of the nose of a bullet as being a
parachute. When it strikes a target it is designed to open up expanding its surface area as much as
twice the original diameter of the bullet. This expansion is typically called "mushrooming" as the bullet
takes on a shape similar to a mushroom. See the example shown above left.
Bullets designed to expand usually have a hollow cavity formed into the nose of the bullet. These are
referred to as hollow-point bullets. The two cartridges shown above right are amongst the most
common hollow-point bullets.
Anatomy of a pistol cartridge

Penetrator
The cartridge featured in the next few Core
slides is a Federal Hydrashok® Self
Defense Round.
It is a SJHP or ‘Semi-Jacketed Hollow
Point’ cartridge which means that
only part of the bullet has a copper
jacket with the tip being hollow.
The Hydrashok® also features a
‘penetrator’ core which assists with
expansion (‘mushrooming’) of the
round when hit hits the intended
target.
Anatomy of a pistol cartridge
Primers: Usually Lead Styphnate – activated by shock / impact

Propellant: Usually smokeless powders (Nitrocellulose) – available in
three types: Cylindrical, Flake and Spherical (Ball). Flake type
powders are usually used in shotgun ammunition, Cylindrical in
rifle and ball in pistol ammunition. Smokeless powders can be
“Single Base” (Nitrocellulose) or “Double Base” (Nitrocellulose +
Nitroglycerine). Most ball type smokeless powders are double
base.
Some older antique pistols may use black powder (75% Potassium
Nitrate, 15% Charcoal, 10% Sulphur) – Black powder is a low
order explosive which deflagrates when burned in an unconfined
space but detonates when confined (pipe bomb).
During the firing cycle, the following reaction, known as an explosive train,
occurs:
As the trigger is pressed, the Firing Pin or Striker impacts the base of the
Primer.
The resulting shock causes the Lead Styphnate in the Primer casing to
ignite.
The resulting hot gases pass through an opening in the Primer casing into
the main casing thus igniting the propellant (Nitrocellulose + Nitroglycerin
mixture) contained within.
As the propellant deflagrates, a rapid gaseous exchange occurs causing the
resulting gases to expand inside the chamber of the weapon.
This expansion of gas increases the original volume of the propellant to
approximately 4,700 times its original volume as a solid.
As the propellant ‘deflagrates’ as opposed to ‘detonating’, a pushing effect is
achieved (instead of the usual shattering effect that occurs with
detonation) thus forcing the projectile part of the round along the barrel,
out of the muzzle and along it’s ballistic path until it terminates in an
intended (or unintended) target.
The Mechanics of Projectile Wounding
In order to predict the likelihood of incapacitation with any handgun round, an understanding of the
mechanics of wounding is necessary. There are four components of projectile wounding. Not all
relate to incapacitation but each of them must be considered.
They are:
1. Penetration – The tissue through which the projectile passes, and which it disrupts or destroys.
2. Permanent Cavity – The volume of space once occupied by tissue that has been disrupted or
destroyed by the passage of the projectile. This is a function of penetration and the frontal area of
the projectile. Quite simply, it is the hole left by the passage of the bullet.
3. Temporary Cavity – The expansion of the permanent cavity by stretching due to the transfer of
kinetic energy during the projectile’s passage.
4. Fragmentation – Projectile pieces or secondary fragments of bone which are impelled outward
from the permanent cavity and may sever muscle tissues, blood vessels, etc., apart from the
permanent cavity. Fragmentation is not necessarily present in every projectile wound. It may or
may not occur and can be considered a secondary effect.
Projectiles incapacitate by damaging or destroying the central nervous system, or by causing lethal
blood loss. To the extent the wound components cause or increase the effects of these two
mechanisms, the likelihood of incapacitation increases.
Part 4
Firearm Safety
Objectives
By the end of this lesson:

Students will be able to demonstrate the following:
Safe storage of a firearm to prevent access to children & unauthorized adults.

Safe handling and use of firearms.
Safe transportation of firearms.
Safety considerations for holsters and magazine/speed loader pouches.
Range safety procedures.
Safe storage of a firearm

to prevent access by children
&
unauthorized adults
When you are not using your firearm, you should insure that it is stored safely
(Important Note: Your Carry Weapon is ALWAYS in use!!). Affirmative measures
designed to prevent unauthorized access to a defensive firearm by minors, or
firearm theft, include:
1. Use of a simplex-type locking box or purpose built electronic locking pistol vault
for securing firearms which need to be kept loaded yet available for ready-access
defensive use.
2. Use of trigger locks or padlocks to secure firearms which don't need to be kept
immediately available for defensive use.
Simplex type locking box Purpose built pistol vault

Other safety points to consider include:

• Gun security devices which rely solely on physical strength to secure firearms from
unauthorized use are generally undesirable since ingenious children can potentially employ
leverage or tools to overcome those devices.
• "Hiding" a firearm won't secure it from discovery and possible misuse by curious children or
intruders.
• Metal gun cabinets or gun safes can be used to safeguard firearms from unauthorized access
or theft in many circumstances and metal gun cabinets or gun safes are generally preferable to
open racks or glass-front cabinets.
• Firearms should be stored unloaded and separate from ammunition when the firearm isn't
needed for ready-access defensive use.
• You may want to store critical components of a firearm (such as the gun's bolt or slide)
separately from the rest of the firearm when the gun won't be used in the immediate future.
• Consider engraving your firearms with your social security number, driver's license number, or
concealed firearms license number to deter theft and facilitate return of stolen firearms which
may happen to be recovered.
• Explore "gun-proofing" your child by proper training, and by controlled and closely supervised
access to firearms to reduce your child's natural unsatisfied curiosity about firearms.
Safe handling and use of firearms

For the safe handling and use of firearms:
The following is a list of GOLDEN RULES which, MUST BE OBEYED AT ALL

TIMES in order to maintain safety when handling and using firearms:
1. ALL GUNS ARE ALWAYS LOADED!! – ALWAYS TREAT A FIREARM AS IF IT
WERE LOADED, EVEN IF YOU BELIEVE THAT IT IS UNLOADED!
2. NEVER, NEVER, NEVER POINT A FIREARM AT ANYTHING THAT YOU DO
NOT WANT TO EITHER KILL OR DESTROY!! (Imagine that a lethal laser beam
protrudes from the muzzle of your firearm which kills or destroys everything that
crosses in front of it)
3. KEEP YOUR FINGER OFF THE TRIGGER (AND OUT OF THE TRIGGER
GUARD) UNTIL YOU ARE READY TO FIRE!!
4. BE SURE OF YOUR TARGET AND WHAT IS BEYOND!!
Other safety considerations for handling and using a firearm include:

KEEP your thumbs/fingers clear of the slide on a semi automatic pistol when firing –
the slide has a very unforgiving habit of creating painful wounds when it strikes
the thumbs and/or fingers of the person using it.
BE AWARE of the muzzle flash when using a revolver or ‘compensated’ semi
automatic pistol as the flash can cause burns and can cause clothing to ignite if
fired in extreme close quarters situations where the firearm is only just clear of the
holster and close to the shooters body.
NEVER ‘flag’ any part of your body with a firearm – always be aware of where the
muzzle is pointing – especially when drawing from a concealed holster.
If you hear a strange sound when the trigger is pulled or if the expected report is
more muted than usual then IMMEDIATELY CEASE FIRE, apply any safety
catch, and, in the case of a revolver, open the cylinder to inspect the breech and
in the case of a semi automatic, remove the magazine and open the action to
inspect the breech – the sound heard could indicate a ‘squib load’ which, may well
mean that a projectile is now obstructing the barrel and will result in a breech
explosion if the weapon is fired again without removing said obstruction – this can
and has many times yielded fatal results.
NEVER ‘cup and saucer’ a semi automatic pistol – this is a mistake that one will only
ever make once!!
Safe transportation of firearms

Safe transportation of firearms

In order to ensure the safe transportation of firearms, the following points should be
observed:
1. Unless the weapon being transported is your usual ‘carry weapon’ for which
you have a valid concealed weapons license or are otherwise duly authorized
to carry loaded in your vehicle, all firearms MUST be transported UNLOADED
and in a lockable case away from access by the driver or other passengers in
the vehicle with the ammunition stored separately.
2. If carrying concealed and traveling outside of the state where your concealed
carry license was issued, always be sure to comply with the state and federal
laws for the state in which you are traveling. (It is generally a good idea to
check out online resources such as http://www.handgunlaw.us to check on
reciprocity of concealed licenses BEFORE traveling to or through a particular
state with your concealed firearm).
NOTE: The above rules apply to the United States only… Please be sure to
research and comply with all regional and national laws in your country
of residence.
Range Safety Procedures

Range Safety Rules

1. ALWAYS POINT THE MUZZLE IN A SAFE DIRECTION.
2. KEEP YOUR FINGER OFF THE TRIGGER, and outside the trigger guard, until ready to fire
or until the command "Commence Firing" has been given.
3. KEEP THE ACTION OPEN AND FIREARM UNLOADED UNTIL READY TO USE. On a firing
range this means the shooters are in a position on the firing line and the range has been
cleared for live firing.
4. KNOW HOW YOUR FIREARM OPERATES.
5. BE SURE YOUR FIREARM AND AMMUNITION ARE COMPATIBLE.
6. CARRY ONLY ONE GAUGE/CALIBER OF AMMUNITION WHEN SHOOTING. When at a
shooting range with more than one firearm, use one at a time and when complete, store that
firearm and it ammunition before using the next one.
7. BE SURE OF YOUR TARGET, THE BACKSTOP, AND WHAT IS BEYOND. When on shooting
ranges, be mindful also of adjacent areas and act accordingly.
8. WEAR EAR AND EYE PROTECTION.
9. DO NOT MIX ALCOHOL OR DRUGS WITH SHOOTING ACTIVITIES.
9. BE AWARE THAT CERTAIN CIRCUMSTANCES MAY REQUIRE ADDITIONAL

RULES.
All general range rules, whether on indoor or outdoor ranges, should incorporate at a
minimum the following:
a. Know and obey all range commands.
b. Know where others are at all times.
c. Shoot only at authorized targets.
d. Ground level targets are not authorized without a proper backstop. See exceptions
for Small bore Rifle, High-power and Small bore Silhouette. Maintain the proper
target height to ensure that the fired projectile, after passing through the target,
hits the desired portion of the backstop. This will reduce the possibility of ricochets
and projectiles escaping the range safety fan or property.
9. BE AWARE THAT CERTAIN CIRCUMSTANCES MAY REQUIRE ADDITIONAL

RULES.
All general range rules, whether on indoor or outdoor ranges, should incorporate at a
minimum the following (continued):
e. Designate a range safety officer when none is present or assigned.
f. Unload, open the action, remove the magazine and ground and/or bench all
firearms during a ceasefire (TOUCH NO WEAPONS AT THIS POINT).
g. Do NOT handle any firearm or stand at the firing line where firearms are present
while others are down range.
h. Always keep the muzzle pointed at the backstop or bullet trap. Never allow the
muzzle to point in any direction whereby a negligent discharge would allow the
escape of a projectile into an outer area.
Part 5
Selecting a firearm & ammunition

for self defense
Objectives:

Students will be able to identify the advantages and
disadvantages of certain firearm & ammunition types with
regards to the selection of an effective self defense weapon
system.
Holsters
The holster and the gun are two components of one system. Don't cut corners on a holster. A
good holster makes the carry much more comfortable and safer. A good holster will allow you to
carry a heavier gun with less discomfort and greater concealment. A fine holster will be thin yet
strong. It will shield the trigger but not grab it. The choices in holsters can be bewildering, but if
you let your common sense, your mode of dress, and logic guide you, the problem simplifies.
The best draw is from a belt holster on your strong side. The strong side belt holster provides
for a faster draw, better retention, and fewer problems than other styles of holsters. When you
select your gun, you will need a holster that works with it so it is important to know if the right
holster is available for the gun you intend to carry.
Part 6
Basic Drills
&
Immediate Action Drills (IAD’s)
Basic Drills
Objectives:

Students will be able to explain the function of, and physically demonstrate the
following basic drills:
1. Make safe & “show clear”
2. Load & make ready
3. Unload
4. Reload – administrative, tactical & combat reloads
5. Malfunction immediate action drills – “tap, rack, bang”
Make Safe & “Show Clear”

Whenever you discover ANY unattended weapon, you MUST ALWAYS make the
assumption that it is loaded and made ready, that is to say it is in “condition zero” or it
is loaded with a round in the chamber, the action is cocked and any manual safety
catch is in the ‘Off’ position.
To make any such weapon safe, the following actions will need to be carried out:
Point the weapon in a SAFE direction.
Apply any manual safety catch
Remove the magazine (Semi Auto) or open the cylinder (revolver)
Open the action to extract any round in the chamber and apply the slide lock
mechanism (Semi Auto) or remove any cartridges from the cylinder & chamber
(revolver)
Place the weapon down in a safe location
NOTE: If the weapon is not yours then in reality, unless there is an immediate danger
of someone being injured then the weapon should be left well alone – you may well
be disturbing evidence at a crime scene.
Immediate Action Drills – Common Malfunctions

The most common reasons for handguns to experience a weapon malfunction or failure to fire are listed below:
Malfunction Cause Remedy

“Hangfire” A hangfire is a delay in the ignition of the propelling charge. The Keep the weapon pointed at the
amount of delay is unpredictable, but in most cases will be a target until the round fires or
fraction of a second. In some cases, you may not notice the
delay. The weapon will function normally. becomes a misfire.
“Misfire” Round fails to fire altogether, often due to a failed primer (could Go through Tap, Rack, Bang IAD
also be due to a broken firing pin) – ‘cocktail’ rounds to increase
the odds that the next round will
fire.
“Squib Round” A squib round is where there is little or no propellant charge inside DO NOT FIRE THE WEAPON
the round causing the projectile to become lodged in the barrel. It UNTIL THE OBSTRUCTION IS
is identified by a “pop” sound and/or reduced recoil. CLEARED. Go through Unload.
Failure to feed Spent casing fails to clear ejection port before slide returns, Sweep the empty casing out of
“Stovepipe” causing the casing to jam and a failure to feed the next round the receiver and then go through
the Tap, Rack, Bang IAD.
Out of Battery Slide is pushed out of battery by being pushed slightly rearward. ‘Slap’ the back of the slide in a
forward motion to put the
weapon back in battery.
Part 7
Shooting Stances
&
Basic Draw Techniques
Shooting Stances & Basic Draw Techniques

Objectives:
Students will be able to explain the function of, and physically demonstrate the following
shooting stances:
1. Isosceles Stance
2. Weaver Stance
3. Modified Weaver Stance
4. Bodyguard Crouch
5. Kneeling Position
6. Prone Position
7. Shooting Two-Handed
8. Shooting One-Handed “Strong Side”
9. Shooting One-Handed “Weak Side”
10. Shooting From Cover
11. Basic Draw Techniques
Shooting Stances – Isosceles
The “Isosceles” is the ideal stance for combat

pistol shooting because it requires only gross
motor skills, creates a natural and very stable
platform and provides maximum effectiveness
of body armor (if worn).
To assume the Isosceles stance, one stands
with feet slightly over shoulder-width apart,
knees (very slightly bent), hips, torso, shoulders
and head indexed directly at the target, the
entire body should be slightly stooped and leant
forward (almost as if riding a horse), with arms
out with the firearm in a two-handed grip with
wrists locked and elbows very slightly bent to
absorb recoil.
Shooting Stances – Weaver
This popular shooting stance was developed by

Deputy Sheriff Jack Weaver in the late 1950s.
Both elbows are bent with the dominant arm
bent less than the support arm. The dominant
hand (the one holding the pistol) pushes
forward while the support hand (wrapped
around the pistol) pulls back. The goal of this
push/pull technique is to create isometric
tension that will control the recoil of the pistol
and provide accuracy and control for quick
follow up shots. The shooter aligns his/her body
at a 45-degree angle to the target and places
the dominant hand and foot back.
Part 8 (Bonus)
Firearms & The Law
NOTE: Only relevant to students residing in he United States.

Check with your regional or national laws for information
regarding your country of residence
Firearms & The Law

Objectives:

Students will be able to demonstrate a basic understanding of the legal issues
surrounding the concealed carriage of firearms, safe transportation and storage of
firearms, and the judicious use of lethal force in self defense.
Part 9 (Bonus)
Combat Mindset, Situational

Awareness &
Threat Awareness Scale
Combat Mindset, Situational Awareness & The Threat Awareness Scale
Objectives:

Students will be able to explain what is meant by “Combat Mindset”, understand
some of the physiological and psychological effects of being exposed to lethal force
and describe the different levels of awareness to one’s surroundings in any given
situation. Additionally, students will have an elevated understanding of the need to
maintain a higher level of awareness in order to avoid encounters which could
potentially place one’s self in jeopardy.
The Combat Triad:
Mindset
Skill at Arms:
Marksmanship
Tactics Weapon
Manipulation
Critical Incident & Post Critical Incident Conditions
TUNNEL VISION: Shooter loses all peripheral

vision and focuses only on what they perceive as
the threat. (Reason for scanning to break up the tunnel Vision)
TACYPSYCHIA: The translation is “Speed of the
mind”. Gives the effect of slow motion, when in fact
everything is happening at normal speed.
AUDITORY EXCLUSION: Loss of hearing during
confrontation. (Reason: increased Blood supply to the head)
Critical Incident & Post Critical Incident Conditions
COGNITIVE DISSONANCE: The inability to correctly

recount facts that happened during the incident or
immediately afterwards. Memory of the incident may be
remembered out of order that the events actually
occurred.
DISTRACTING THOUGHTS: The shooter may begin to
have distracting thoughts about family members or
other things not related to the incident.
Colonel Jeff Cooper’s Color Code Awareness Scale

Most people stumble through life, blissfully unaware of the world around them. They remain
preoccupied with thoughts of work, or personal problems, or how to get a date, or other
trivialities, with no thought to their immediate environment. By not paying attention to their
surroundings, they place themselves in needless jeopardy.
Go sit in the intake area in your neighborhood hospital emergency room one evening, as an
educational exercise. Observe the unfortunates who come in for treatment, and you will get an
excellent illustration of this point. About twenty percent of the customers are actually sick -
discount them. The remaining eighty percent are there because they were inattentive to their
environment. These will be people who walked off loading docks, or stepped off ladders twenty
feet up, or backed into running machinery, or stepped into the path of a vehicle, OR allowed a
thug to walk right up to them un-noticed and bean them with a brick. You can be stupid,
inattentive, and oblivious in your work environment day in and day out and get away with it until
one day the odds catch up with you and you are injured. The same applies on the street. You
can be stupid, inattentive, and oblivious and get away with it until your path happens to cross
the path of a criminal. The vast majority of criminals are opportunists, who only strike when
presented with a viable opportunity.
Remove the opportunity and you remove the risk to you!
By learning to observe your environment, constantly evaluate it, and react appropriately to what
you see, you can achieve a large degree of control over your fate. This requires you to learn to
shift up and down a scale of readiness, just like shifting gears in a car, so that you can match
your level of awareness/readiness with the current requirements of your situation. In a car, you
shift gears based on the grade encountered or the speed desired. On the street, you must learn
to "shift gears" mentally, to match the threat level encountered. There is a sliding scale of
readiness, going from a state of being oblivious and unprepared to a condition of being ready to
instantly do lethal violence if forced. One cannot live stuck at either end of this spectrum.
If you try to live at the bottom of the scale, you will fall victim to an accident or to a criminal,
eventually. It's just a matter of "when", not "if". On the other hand, you can't go through your
daily routine with your hand hovering over your holstered pistol, ready to shoot if anything
moves! What you must learn to do is escalate and de-escalate up and down this scale as the
circumstances around you dictate. This is an easily learned system, and one that will help you
be in the right frame of mind to deal with any conflict you encounter.
If you should find yourself faced with a life-threatening attack by a criminal, as a typical normal
person, you will be faced by three enormous difficulties. They are:
1.Recognizing the presence of the predator in time;
2.Realizing, internalizing, and accepting that THAT MAN, RIGHT THERE, is about to kill you for
reasons you do not understand; if you don't stop him; and
3.Overcoming your reluctance to do lethal violence against a fellow human being.
Let's look at each of these in turn. First, you have to see him and realize that he is a threat.
Thugs are flesh and bone, and are not invisible. Contrary to public opinion, they do not beam
down from the mother ship, attack you, and beam back up. They typically walk right up to you
un-noticed because of the fog most people operate in daily. Learn to lift that fog and see the
warning signs earlier, so you can be prepared.
Part 10 (Bonus)
“Boyd’s Loop” or “OODA

Loop”
“Boyd’s Loop” or the “OODA Loop”

On a daily basis, defenders find themselves in situations where quick judgments are required during dynamic situations,
often leading to life and death decisions. These actions, decided in milliseconds, will later be examined at length. Those
conducting these after-incident examinations are often persons who neither understand the dynamics involved, nor the
way a critical incident develops.
Whether these incidents occurred 100 years ago or 100 days ago, the dynamics of an urban fight remain amazingly
constant. They are oftentimes, unannounced, high-intensity, short duration events characterized by sudden violence after
which one or both parties are either down, or have quit the fight. Moreover, these events tend to occur at very close range
and often in poor light. Under these circumstances, some points become very clear:
Fighting ability being equal, aggressive, pro-active fighters tend to win, whereas defensive, re-active fighters tend to lose.
It is true that our policies and laws dictate that “Defense” must always be the over-riding concept in our tactical
activities. Exactly how this defensive concept is applied, however, remains to be answered. Anyone who understands
fighting knows that offense and defense are two sides of the same coin, and that the two concepts complement one
another.
Incidentally, let’s be honest with ourselves. Fighting is exactly what is going to happen with an armed adversary who
decides to invite himself to dinner. We are going to have to fight him.
The defensive application is simply the actual REASONS we are deploying our resources in the first place, not necessarily
the actual tactics used. Once the decision has been made to deploy the use of force for defense, it must be offense all the
way. Can you imagine, for example, winning a fist-fight by only blocking your adversary’s punches and never throwing a
punch yourself? Not likely is it? Fighting concepts, whether with fists or firearms, remain constant.
“Boyd’s Loop” or the “OODA Loop”

Part 11 (Bonus)
Defensive Accuracy
&
Point Shooting
Defensive Accuracy & Point Shooting
Objectives:
At the end of this lesson, students will be able to demonstrate an understanding of

the concept of defensive accuracy and point shooting, and will be able to
demonstrate physically, an ability to draw from a holster and engage a target with an
Airsoft training pistol and place accurate shots on a target at a distance of 21 feet in
the manner prescribed by the instructor.
Part 12 (Bonus)
Weapon Retention
&
Defensive Counter-Measures (CQB)
Weapon Retention & Defensive Counter-Measures (CQB)
Objectives:

the need for active weapon retention methods and for the need to learn and
maintain close quarters hand-to-hand combat skills.
Part 13 (Bonus)
Carrying a Back-Up
Defensive Weapon System
Carrying a Back-Up Defensive Weapon System

Objectives:

the need to carry additional defensive weapon systems, identify some of the options
available for use as defensive weapons and select a backup defensive weapon
system that is legal to carry in their locale and that suits their individual requirements
based on their training and level of skill.
Part 14 (Bonus)
Low Light
Low Light:
The likelihood of getting into Deadly Force

Engagement in Low or Reduced Light is Very
High (Approx 80%).
Even if it is light outside, it does not automatically
mean that it is going to be the same inside.
Low Light:
There are four main problems that can be encountered in reduced light
conditions. The first is:
1. Temporary Night Blindness

This is a temporary condition that is caused from going from a well lit
environment to a darkened environment. The pupil, which allows light
to enter the eye, is controlled by the iris. Moving from a day light
environment to a reduced one, causes the iris to open, allowing more
light to enter the eye. The eye will normally take up to 30-40 minutes
to acclimatize itself to reduced light.
Low Light:
4. Cognitive Interpolation
A condition that occurs when a person is given a limited amount of visual
input due to glance sight or low/reduced light. The mind then takes a
limited amount of information, translates it against pre-stored knowledge
and experience database of the brain, and interprets the information,
providing a conclusion to what was just seen. A glance gave a certain
amount of visual input, the mind then translated that information and tells
you what you have seen, given the available information that it had. You
might have seen clothing colour or facial features. This is interpolation.
Your mind uses stored knowledge and interprets the limited visual data
and makes a supposition as to what it has just seen.
Low Light: Cognitive Interpolation

Low Light: Cognitive Interpolation

Low Light: Low Light Engagement Techniques
Chapman Technique:
Low Light: Low Light Engagement Techniques
FBI Technique:
The flashlight is held away but much higher than the
modified technique from the body with the non weapon
hand.
Disadvantage; The technique is simple but takes support

away from the firing hand.
TACTICAL TRAINING
TEAM
Military-Police-Civilian
QUESTIONS
ANY QUESTIONS?
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TACTICAL TRAINING

Welcome to the IPSSC Online Firearms Safety & Weapons Familiarization

The next few slides are just a sample of what is

…set up your free account then select this

IPSSC Online Firearms Safety & Weapons Familiarization Course – Semi-Auto

Pistol anatomy and types

At the end of this lesson:

Pistol Anatomy & Types

There are three types of pistol:

The weapon is cocked by pulling back on the

When fired, part of the propellant gases cause

A semi automatic pistol, once loaded and cocked

Once the magazine is empty the slide normally

Anatomy of a Semi Automatic Pistol

Anatomy of a Semi Automatic Pistol

Semi-Auto Pistol Components and

Semi-Auto Pistol Components and their functions

The next few slides will demonstrate the anatomy of a Semi-

Trigger Magazine Well

The frame of a Semi-Automatic Pistol is a major component that has

The frame of a Semi-Automatic Pistol usually houses the following

The slide is the part of the weapon on a majority of semi-automatic

Round Nose Lead Lead ‘Wadcutter’

Anatomy of a pistol cartridge

Anatomy of a pistol cartridge

Primers: Usually Lead Styphnate – activated by shock / impact

The Mechanics of Projectile Wounding

By the end of this lesson:

Safe storage of a firearm to prevent access to children & unauthorized adults.

Safe storage of a firearm

Simplex type locking box Purpose built pistol vault

Other safety points to consider include:

Safe handling and use of firearms

For the safe handling and use of firearms:

The following is a list of GOLDEN RULES which, MUST BE OBEYED AT ALL

Other safety considerations for handling and using a firearm include:

Safe transportation of firearms

Safe transportation of firearms

Range Safety Procedures

Range Safety Rules

9. BE AWARE THAT CERTAIN CIRCUMSTANCES MAY REQUIRE ADDITIONAL

a. Know and obey all range commands.

b. Know where others are at all times.

c. Shoot only at authorized targets.

9. BE AWARE THAT CERTAIN CIRCUMSTANCES MAY REQUIRE ADDITIONAL

e. Designate a range safety officer when none is present or assigned.

Selecting a firearm & ammunition

At the end of this lesson:

At the end of this lesson:

Make Safe & “Show Clear”

Immediate Action Drills – Common Malfunctions

Malfunction Cause Remedy

Shooting Stances & Basic Draw Techniques

Shooting Stances – Isosceles

The “Isosceles” is the ideal stance for combat

Shooting Stances – Weaver

This popular shooting stance was developed by

NOTE: Only relevant to students residing in he United States.

Firearms & The Law

At the end of this lesson:

Combat Mindset, Situational

Combat Mindset, Situational Awareness & The Threat Awareness Scale

At the end of this lesson:

The Combat Triad: