EFECTOR MECHANISM OF ADAPTIVE

IMMUNE RESPONSE
Dr. SAFARI WAHYU JATMIKO
Types of adaptive immune responses
EFECTOR OF CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY
 CD4+ Th1 responses
microbes residing within the phagosomes
of phagocytes
 CD8+ CTL responses
microbes residing in the cytoplasm of
various cell types
 CD4+ Th2 responses
helminthic parasites
Differentiation of Th1 subsets
Effector functions of Th1 cells
Activation and functions of macrophages in CMI
Development of Th2 subsets
Effector functions of Th2 cells
The Th17 Subset
Th17-Mediated Immune Responses

 The physiological role of Th17 cells

Protection against extracellular bacterial and fungal infections

 Pathological roles of Th17 cell

may be important in meditating tissue damage in immune-
mediated
inflammatory diseases, e.g. autoimmune diseases
Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes (CTLs)

Effector CD8+ T Cells

Eliminate intracellular microbes mainly by killing infected
cells
CTL-mediated cytotoxcity

 Antigen specific
Only kill targets that express the same class I-associated
antigen that triggered their differentiation from naïve CD8+ T
cell

 Contact dependent
The formation of immunological synapse
the specific delivery of the molecules
Immune synapse between CTLs and a target
cell
Steps in CTL-mediated lysis of target cells

 antigen recognition,
 activation of the CTLs,
 delivery of the "lethal hit" that kills the target cells,
 release of the CTLs from target cell
Steps in CTL-mediated lysis of target cells
Recognition of Antigen and Activation of CTLs
Recognition of Antigen and Activation of CTLs
Mechanisms of CTL-mediated lysis of target cells

 Fas/FasL pathway

 Granule exocytosis
 The two important granule proteins for CTL killing
function
 Perforin
 a pore-forming protein molecule
 Main function is to facilitate delivery of the granzymes into
the cytosol of the target cell

 Granzymes (granule enzymes)

 Serine proteases, including A. B.C
 Granzymes B initiate apoptotic pathways involve caspases.
Mechanisms of CTL-mediated lysis of target cells
Release of CTL from its target cell

 Usually occurs even before the target cell goes on

to die

 May facilitated by decreased affinity of accessory

molecules for their ligands
EFECTOR OF HUMORAL MEDIATED
IMMUNITY
 Diperankan oleh sel B yang memproduksi
antibodi
Phases of humoral immune
response
Effector functions of antibodies

 Neutralization of microbes (incl.viruses)

and their toxins
 Opsonization of microbec (binding to
Fc receptors on phagocytes; at the
same time, stimulation of microbicidal
activities of phagocytes)
 ADCC (Antibody-dependent cell-
mediated cytotoxicity) – IgG
opsonized microb is destroyed by NK
cells after its binding to IC
 Activation of the complement system
(classical pathway)