Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Protection Switching
Yaakov (J) Stein
CTO
RAD Data Communications
Mar 2012
Course Outline
• General protection switching principles
• SONET/SDH
• Ethernet linear protection
• Ethernet ring protection
• MPLS fast reroute
• MPLS-TP APS
Definition
References
Traffic types
Network topologies
Triggers
Protection classes
Entities
Protection types
Signaling
APS includes :
detection of failures (signal fail or signal degrade) on a working channel
switching traffic transmission to a protection channel
selecting traffic reception from the protection channel
(optionally) reverting back to the working channel once failure is repaired
protected traffic
– traffic that may be rapidly switched to protection channel
– at any time it may be on the working channel or protection channel
rings
– protection is natural for rings
although there are other reasons for using rings as well
dense meshes
– for this topology multiple local bypasses can be preconfigured
– protection switching is similar to routing change, but faster
often called “Fast ReRoute” (FRR)
working channel
protection channel
head-end tail-end
working channel
head-end tail-end
protection channel
(bridge) (selector)
signaling channel
unidirectional
unidirectional protection working channel
failure
protection channel in use
working channel
protection channel
bidirectional
bidirectional protection working channel
failure
protection channel in use
working channel
channel A
channel B
working channel
extra traffic
protection channel
APS signaling
Y(J)S APS Slide 19
1:n protection
One protection channel is allocated for n working channels
Only can protect one working channel at a time
but improbable that more than 1 working channel will simultaneously fail
Only 1/(n+1) of total capacity is reserved for protection
working channels
protection channel
working channels
protection channels
Y(J)S APS Slide 21
(1:1)n protection
This is like n times 1:1 but the n protection channels share bandwidth
Only 1 failed working channel can be protected
This is different from 1:n since
n protection channels are preconfigured
n working channels need not be of the same type
For example
in 1:n protection the protection channel may already be in use !
True failure conditions usually have higher priority than manual commands
unprotected
trail protected trail
working channel
protection channel
head-end NE tail-end NE
path
line line (MS section) line
section section section section
A1 A2 J0
TOH
B1 E1 F1
D1 D2 D3
TOH consists of
H1 H2 H3
S1 M0 E2
POH is responsible for type, status, path performance monitoring, VCAT, trace
HO Path APS signaling uses 4 MSBs of byte K3
V5
V1
VC OH is responsible for
J2
Timing, PM, REI, …
V2
LO Path APS signaling is N2
4 MSBs of byte K4
V3
K4
V4
VC OH
Y(J)S APS Slide 37
How does it work?
working channel
protection channel
head-end NE tail-end NE
Y(J)S APS Slide 39
Linear 1:1 protection
Head-end bridge usually sends data on working channel
When tail-end detects failure it signals (using K1) to head-end
Head-end then starts sending data over protection channel
When not in use
protection channel can be used for (discounted) extra traffic
(pre-emptible unprotected traffic)
May be at any layer (but only OC-n level protects against fiber cuts)
working channel
extra traffic
protection channel
In order to save BW
we allocate 1 protection channel for every N working channels
N limited to 14
4 bits in K1 byte from tail-end to head-end
– 0 protection channel
– 1-14 working channels
– 15 extra traffic channel
working channels
protection channel
A-B B A-B B
B-C
B-A
A A
C-B
B-A C
SONET ADM
Y(J)S APS Slide 45
BLSR
Example
recovery from unidirectional fiber cut
Y(J)S APS Slide 46
Ethernet linear APS
STP
LAG
G.8031
G.8032
RPR
CLEER
developed by 802.17 WG
based on Cisco’s Spatial Reuse Protocol (RFC 2892) ringlet selection
A
B
C
placed into 1 of 2 buffers
according to service class
sent according to fairness
PTQ
STQ
A0 RT reserved low No
A1 RT allocated, low No
reclaimable
B-CIR near RT allocated, bounded No
reclaimable
B-EIR near RT opportunistic unbounded Yes
Notes:
class A have minimal delay
class B have higher priority than STQ transit frames, so bounded delay/FDV
classes B and C share STQ, so once in ring have similar delay
steering info
wrap
Y(J)S APS Slide 64
NERT and CLEER
New Ethernet Ring Technology / Closed Loop Encapsulated Ethernet Ring
Similar to RPR but uses real Ethernet format
NERT and CLEER distinguish between
ring nodes
switches connected to ring nodes
IP FRR
RFC 4090
One-to-one backup
each LSP protected separately
detour LSP created for each LSP at each potential PLR
no labels pushed PLR MP
Facility backup
backup tunnel for multiple LSPs
bypass tunnel created at each potential PLR
uses label stacking
PLR MP
PLR MP
Optional TLVs
Request : NR, SF, SD, manual switch, forced switch, lockout, WTR, DNR
PT = Protection Type : uni 1+1, bidi 1+1, bidi 1:1/1:n
R = Revertive
FPath = which path has fault Path = which data path is on protection channel
Y(J)S APS Slide 75
PSC control logic states
END=0