Presented by:

Espanio, Miraflor B.
POWER CONDUCTING COMPONENTS
• Switches
• Circuit Breakers
• Fuses

CONTROL SYSTEMS
• Instrument Transformer
• Relays
• Busbar
• Lightning arrestors
• Surge arrestors
• Isolators
SWITCHES
A device use to open or
close an electrical circuit
in a convenient way.
FUSES
A short piece of
wire or thin strip
which melts when
excessive current
flows through for
sufficient time.
CIRCUIT BREAKERS
 An automatically separated electrical switch designed to
protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by overload
or short circuit.
CURRENT TRANSFORMER
A current transformer (CT) is used
for measurement of alternating
electric currents.

CT

VT
POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER
A potential transformer (PT) is used
for measurement of high electric
voltage.

CT

VT
RELAY
 Isan automatic device which senses an abnormal condition
of electrical circuit and closes its contacts.
 ELECTRICAL ISOLATOR
A mechanical switch which isolates a part of circuit from the system
as when required.

 LIGHTNING ARRESTERS
 Deviceuse in electrical power systems to protect the insulation and
conductors of the system from damaging effects of lightning.

 SURGE ARRESTERS
 Deviceto protect electrical equipment from over voltage transients
caused by external (lightning) or internal (switching) events.
BUSBAR
 Busbar is a strip or bar of copper, brass or aluminium that
conducts electricity within a switchboard, distribution board,
substation.
Normal Operating Abnormal Operating
Condition Condition

Operated to clear various system

Operated for load shifting or
faults

Normal Operation checking

Performed manually using controls

on the mechanism or

Electrically from local or remote

control panel
Do Do not

Assign work to untrained

Train site personnel
personnel
Prepare field quality Neglect Documentation
documents and records

Take safety precautions Neglect Safety

Check for tightness of all Ignore loose loose

hardwares hardwares
Carry out all tests required Energise before completion
before energising of all tests
 Interval of Maintenance depends on
 The number of short-circuit interruptions
 Switching frequency
 Actual service time
 INSPECTION
 A maintenance action, which calls for a careful scrutiny of a switchgear
components.

 SERVICING
 Implies work that is carried out for ensuring that equipment is kept in an
acceptable condition.

 EXAMINATION
 Inspection carried out with partial dismantling supplemented by non-
destructive tests.

 OVERHAUL
 Work done with the objective of repairing or replacing parts
 ENCLOSURES

 Ensure
that all enclosure panels, doors, and structures are well
maintained.
 During
de-energized maintenance, enclosures are to be
vacuum cleaned of all loose dirt and debris.
 All
vents and fan grills are to be cleaned of all dust and/or dirt
accumulations.
 All
doors and access panels should be properly secured
during operation
INSULATORS, SUPPORTS, and CONNECTOR
 Inspect for signs of cracking, broken pieces, and other
physical damage or deterioration
 Examine for evidence of moisture

 Repair or replace damaged insulators and supports as

necessary
 Ensure that the connectors are properly used and installed.
 CONDUCTORS

 Examine all connections for signs of overheating,

cracked or broken connectors, and signs of tracking or
arcing.
 Ensure that conductors are clean and dry

 Examine and clean all connections, and torque to

manufacturers recommendations.
 Questions?
 What are the two divisions of the main components of
the switchgear? Explain briefly its functions.

 Power Conducting Components – conducts or

interrupts the flow of electric power.
 Control Systems – monitors, controls and protect the
power conducting components.
 Differentiate
the normal operating condition from the
abnormal operating condition.

 Normal operating condition – the switchgear is

operated for load shifting or for normal operation
checking
 Abnormal operating condition – occur when the
circuit breaker operates to clear various system faults
 In
your own understanding, why is there a need for
proper maintenance in switchgears? How does it
affects the operation of the whole power system?

 For trouble-free operation during its life cycle.

 To avoid unnecessary accidents.
 Safety of both the personnel and the equipment itself.