Globle System For Mobile Communication-Gsm: Introduction To 2Gtechnology-Gsm

Introduction to 2GTechnology-GSM
GLOBLE SYSTEM FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATION-GSM
Tech Vidhya: TVCGSME 1

Course Contents-GSM
 GSM CONCEPTS
 GSM SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
 IDENTITIES USED IN GSM
 GSM CHANNELS
 GSM RADIO LINK
 MOBILITY MANAGEMENT
 CALL MANAGEMENT
 RADIO RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

Telecom Basic
Communication Modulation
Voice and Data Analog and Digital
Signals Multiplexing
Analog and Digital FDMA,TDMA,CDMA
Network
Transmission Media
PSTN, ISDN, PDN, Mobile Network
Wire Media and Wireless Media
Switching Technique
Circuit Switch and Packet Switch

Objective Of Mobile Communication
Any time Any where

Mobility & Roaming
High capacity & Subs density
Efficient use of Radio Spectrum
Easy Network Architecture
Low Cost
Flexibility
Innovative Services
Standard Interfaces

Traffic and Signaling
Traffic
«bla bla bla...»
Signaling « RING ! »
riiiiing
Network

Speech Processing
Blah... Blah... Blah... Blah… Blah… Blah...

Digitizing and
Source Decoding
Source Coding
Channel Coding Channel Decoding
Interleaving De-interleaving
Ciphering Deciphering
Burst Formatting Burst De-formatting
Modulating Demodulating

Data Rate During Speech Processing

Background To GSM
1G : Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS) Analog,

Circuit Switched, FDMA, FDD
2G : Digital Advanced Mobile Phone Service (D-AMPS)

Digital, Circuit Switched, FDMA, FDD
2G : Global System for Mobile (GSM) Digital, Circuit

Switched, FDMA and TDMA, FDD
2G : Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)Digital, Circuit

Switched, FDMA, CDMA, SS, FDD

Background To GSM
2.5G : General Packet Radio Services (GPRS)Digital, Circuit

Switched, Packet switch, FDMA,TDMA, FDD
2.75G : Enhanced Data rate For GSM Evolution (EDGE)

Digital, Circuit Switched, Packet switch, FDMA ,TDMA, FDD

Advantage Of GSM
• GSM uses radio frequencies efficiently, and due to the digital radio path,
the system tolerates more inter cell disturbances.
• The average quality of speech achieved is better than in analogue

cellular systems.
• Data transmission is supported throughout the GSM system.
• Speech is encrypted and subscriber information security is guaranteed.

Advantage Of GSM
• Due to the ISDN compatibility, new services are offered compared

to the analogue systems.
• International roaming is technically possible within all countries

using the GSM system.
• The large market increases competition and lowers the prices both
for investments and usage.

Technologies Used In GSM
 Multiple Access Methods
 Duplex Technique
 Switching Technique
 Modulation Technique

Multiple Access Methods
Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA)

Multiple Access Methods
Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)

Duplex Technique
FDD - Frequency Division Duplex TDD - Time Division Duplex

Switching Technique
Circuit-Switched Packet-Switched

GSM Frequency Band

GSM Frequency Spectrum
GSM 900 MHz
Uplink: 890 MHz to 915 MHz
Downlink: 935 MHz to 960 MHz
Absolute Radio Frequency

Channels (ARFCN) – 125

GSM Frequency Spectrum
GSM 1800 MHz
Uplink: 1710 MHz to 1785 MHz
Downlink: 1805 MHz to 1880 MHz
Absolute Radio Frequency Channels

(ARFCN) – 375

GSM 9OO MHz Frequency Spectrum & ARFCNs

Multiple Access Technique used in GSM
FDMA-Frequency Division Multiple Access
25 MHz divided into 125 channels of 200 KHz bandwidth

Multiple Access Technique used in GSM
TDMA-Time Division Multiple Access
Each carrier frequency subdivided in time domain into 8 time slots

Technical Feature Of GSM 900 MHz & 1800 MHz

GSM Cell & Sector
GSM Cell & Sector

Frequency Re-use
Frequency Re-use
D=R√ (3N).
D=Reuse distance; R= Radius of cell; N=No. of cell

GSM Network
GSM network is implemented by dividing the whole network into

three separate subsystems
 Network Switching Subsystem (NSS)

 Base Station Subsystem (BSS)
 Network Management Subsystem (NMS)

GSM Basic Network Architecture & Interface

GSM Basic Network Architecture & Protocols
Digital
Networks
ISUP
LAPD BSSAP
MAP
TUP
LAPD MAP
MAP
Tech Vidhya: TVCGSME

28
GSM Advance Network Architecture

GSM Network Elements

GSM Network Elements and Their Function
Mobile Equipment (ME)

Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) Card
Base Transceiver Station (BTS)
Base Station Controller (BSC)
Transcoder submultiplexer(TCSM)
Mobile Switching Center (MSC)
Gateway MSC (GMSC)
Short Message Service Center (SMSC)
Home Location Register (HLR)
Visitor Location Register (VLR)
Authentication Center (AuC)
Equipment Identity Register (EIR)
Operation and Maintenance Center (OMC)

Mobile Equipment (ME)
•Frequency and Time Synchronization
•Voice encoding and transmission
•Voice encryption/decryption functions
•Power measurements of adjacent cells
•Display of short messages
•International Mobile Equipment

Identifier (IMEI)

Power Level Supported By Mobile Equipment
The Peak Power of MS depends on the “class” of mobile.

These classes have been specified as follow
• Class 1 Vehicle or Portable 20 W
• Class 2 Vehicles or Portable 8 W
• Class 3 Hand held 5 W
• Class 4 Hand held 2 W
• Class 5 Hand held 0.8 W
Class 4 and Class 5 Hand held Mobile sets are presently in use

Mobile Equipment (ME) Classification
Dual Band Handsets
These Mobile handsets support transmission and reception of calls on

the 900 MHz and 1800 MHz bands. A dual band handset will allow the
customer to use the same handset irrespective of his service provider
Tri-band Handsets
These handsets can be used in the 900 MHz,1800 MHz and 1900
MHz bands.

Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) Card
At the time of service provisioning, GSM operator programs

the following in SIM
 IMSI (International Mobile Station Identity)
 Ki (Individual Subscriber authentication Key)
A3 (Authentication Algorithm)
A8 [Cipher Key (Kc) Algorithm)
A5 (Encryption Algorithm)
IMSI & Ki are specific to each MS

A3 & A8 can be different for different operators
A5 - Unique, used across GSM operators

Dynamic Information Stored In SIM
 Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity (TMSI)
 Location Area Identity (LAI)
 Phone memories, billing information
 Ability to store Short Messages received

Base Transceiver Station (BTS)
Handles the radio interface to the mobile station.
Consists of one or more radio terminals for

transmission and reception
TRX and MS communicates over Um interface
Received data transcoding
Voice encryption/decryption
Signal processing functions of the radio interface
Uplink Radio channel power measurements

Base Station Controller (BSC)
• Provides all the control functions and physical

links between the MSC and BTS
• External Interfaces
– ‘Abis’ interface towards the BTS
– ‘A’ interface towards the MSC
• Monitors and controls several BTSs
• Management of channels on the radio interface
• Alarm Handling from the external interfaces
• Performs inter-cell Handover
• Switching from ‘Abis’ link to the ‘A’ link
• Interface to OMC for BSS Management

Mobile Switching Center (MSC)
• Performs call switching

• Interface of the cellular
network to PSTN
• Routes calls between
PLMN and PSTN
• Queries HLR when calls
come from PSTN to
mobile user
• Inter-BSC Handover
• Paging
• Billing

Gateway MSC (GMSC)
• Functions as a gate way to other

networks.
• Interrogates HLR for getting routing

information.
• It is connected to other MSCs in the

network. The SMS-GMSC and SMS-IMSC.

Short Message Service Center (SMSC)
• Receiving a report from MSC.
• Receiving a short message from an MS.

Home Location Register (HLR)
• Stores user data of all Subscribers

related to the GMSC
-International Mobile Subscriber
Identity(IMSI)
-Users telephone number (MS ISDN)
-Subscription information and services
-VLR address
-Reference to Authentication center for
key (Ki)
• Referred when call comes from public
land network

Visitor Location Register (VLR)
• Database that contains Subscriber

parameters and location information for
all mobile subscribers currently located
in the geographical area controlled by
that VLR
• Identity of Mobile Subscriber
• Copy of subscriber data from HLR
• Generates and allocates a Temporary
Mobile Subscriber Identity(TMSI)
• Location Area Code
• Provides necessary data when mobile
originates call

Authentication Center (AuC)
• Stores Subscriber authentication data

called Ki, a copy of which is also stored
in in the SIM card
• Generates security related parameters to
authorize a subscriber (SRES-Signed
RESponse)
• Generates unique data pattern called
Cipher key (Kc) for user data encryption
• Provides triplets - RAND, SRES & Kc, to
the HLR on request

EIR (Equipment Identity Register)
EIR is a database that contains a list of

all valid mobile station equipment within
the network, where each mobile station
is identified by its International Mobile
Equipment Identity(IMEI).
EIR has three databases.,
• White list - For all known, good IMEI’s
• Black list - For all bad or stolen
handsets
• Grey list - For handsets/IMEI’s that are
on observation

Operation and Maintenance Center (OMC)
The OMC is the functional entity through which the network

Operator can monitor and control the system by performing the
following functions
• Hardware installation.
• Traffic management.
• Performance data analysis.
• Tracing of subscribers and
equipments.
• Configuration management.
• Subscriber Administration.
• Management of Mobile
Equipment.
• Management of Tariff, Charging
and Billing

SOME IMPORTANT NOTATION USED IN GSM
 ME + SIM = MS
 MSISDN (Mobile Subscriber International ISDN Number)
MSISDN = CC + NDC + SN
CC= Country code (+234,=Nigeria 358=Finland etc.)
NDC= National Destination Code
SN= Subscriber Number
MSIDN no used for setting up a call

SOME INPORTANT NOTATION USED IN GSM
 International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI)
IMSI = MCC + MNC + MSIN
MCC = Mobile Country Code (three digits)

MNC = Mobile Network Code (two digits)
MSIN = Mobile Subscriber Identification Number (ten digits)
IMSI no is used for network registration.
The length of country code is different for different country.
USA, MSISDN = + 1 XYZ 1234567

Finland, MSISDN = + 358 AB 6543210
Italy, MSISDN = + 39 GHI 1256890
For both setting of call and network registration we can use same
MSISDN no. if every country have same length of country code.

Mobile Station Roaming Number (MSRN)
The roaming number is used in initiating the connection
MSRN = CC + NDC + SN
CC = Country Code (of the visited country)
NDC = National Destination Code (of the serving

network)
SN = Subscriber Number
MSRN request from HLR to the second MSC.

Location Area Identity (LAI)

Each LA is identified by a Location Area Identity (LAI)
LAI = MCC + MNC + LAC
MCC= Mobile Country Code (of the visited country)

MNC= Mobile Network Code (of the serving PLMN)
LAC= Location Area Code
 A Location Area Identity (LAI) is a

globally unique number.
 A Location Area Code (LAC) is only

unique in a particular network.

SOME IMPORTANT NOTATION USED IN GSM
Cell Global Identity (CGI)
Each cell is identified by an identification number called Cell Global

Identity
CGI = MCC + MNC + LAC + CI
MCC: Mobile Country Code
MNC: Mobile Network Code
LAC: Location Area Code
CI: Cell Identity

Channels: Physical and Logical channels
Physical channels
The combination of an ARFCN and a time slot defines a physical

channel. One timeslot of a TDMA-frame on one carrier is referred to as
a physical channel. There are 8 physical channels per carrier in GSM,
channel 0-7(timeslot 0-7)
Logical channels
These are channels specified by GSM which are mapped on physical

channels. A great variety of information must be transmitted between
BTS and the MS, for e.g. user data and control signaling. Depending on
the kind of information transmitted we refer to different logical channels.
These logical channels are mapped on physical channel.

Logical channels on Air Interface
LOGICAL
CHANNELS
COMMON DEDICATED
CHANNELS CHANNELS
BROADCAST COMMON DEDICATED TRAFFIC

CHANNELS CONTROL CONTROL CHANNELS
CHANNELS CHANNELS
FCCH SCH BCCH SDCCH SACCH FACCH
PCH RACH AGCH TCH/F TCH/H TCH/EFR

Logical Channels on Air interface
Frequency correction channel-FCCH

 To make sure this is the BCCH carrier.
 Allow the MS to synchronize to the frequency
Synchronization Channel-SCH
 This is used by the MS to synchronize to the TDMA frame

structure within the particular cell
 Listening to the SCH the MS receives the TDMA frame number.

Broadcast Control Channel - BCCH

 The last information the MS must receive in order to
receive calls or make calls is some information concerning
the cell. This is BCCH.
 This include the information of Max power allowed in the

cell.
 List of channels in use in the cell.
 BCCH carriers for the neighboring cells, Location Area

Identity etc.
 This is transmitted Downlink point to multipoint.

Random access channel-RACH
• Used by Mobile Station for requesting for a channel. When the

mobile realizes it is paged it answers by requesting a signaling
channel (SDCCH) on RACH. RACH is also used by the MS if it
wants to originate a call.
• Initially MS doesn’t know the path delay (timing advance), hence
uses a short burst (with a large guard period = 68.25 bits).
• MS sends normal burst only after getting the timing advance info on
the SACCH.
• It is transmitted in Uplink point to point.

Access Grant Channel-AGCH
 On request for a signaling channel by MS the network assigns a

signaling channel (SDCCH) through AGCH. AGCH is transmitted on the
downlink point to point.
Paging Channel-PCH
 The information on this channel is a paging message including the MS’s

identity (IMSI/TMSI).This is transmitted on Downlink, point-to-multipoint.

Stand alone dedicated control channel-SDCCH
 AGCH assigns SDCCH as signaling channel on request by MS. The

MS is informed about which frequency (ARFCN) & timeslot to use for
traffic.
 Used for location update, subscriber authentication, ciphering

information, equipment validation and assignment of TCH.
 This is used both sides, up and Downlink point-point.

Slow associated control channel-SACCH
 Transmission of radio link signal measurement, power control etc.
 Average signal strengths(Rx Lev) and quality of service (Rx Qual) of

the serving base station and of the neighboring cells is sent on SACCH
(on uplink).
 Mobile receives information like what TX power it has to transmit and

the timing advance. It is associated with TCH or SDCCH

Fast associated control channel-FACCH
 Used for Hand over commands and during call setup and release.
FACCH data is sent over TCH with stealing flag set
Traffic Channels Full Rate -TCH/FR
 Traffic Channels are logical channels that transfer user speech or

data. On Full rate data rate is 13Kbps

Traffic Channels Half Rate -TCH/HR
Traffic Channels are logical channels that transfer user speech or data.
On Half rate data rate is 6.5Kbps
Traffic Channels Enhanced Full Rate-TCH/EFR
The speech coding in EFR is still done at 13Kbits/s, but the coding
mechanism is different than that used for normal full rate traffic

Burst Format
The information format transmitted during one timeslot in the TDMA frame
is called a burst
Different Types of Bursts
Normal Burst
Random Access Burst
Frequency Correction Burst
Synchronization Burst
Dummy Burst

Burst Format
Normal Burst-NB
Carries Traffic channels and all types of Control channels. Bi- directional
Tail Bit(T) : Used as to give time to transmitter to ramp-up it’s power.

Coded Data : It is the Data part associated with the burst
Stealing Flag: This indicates whether the burst is carrying Signaling data (FACCH)
or user info (TCH).
Training Seq.: This is a fixed bit sequence known both to the BTS & the MS. This
takes care of the signal deterioration.

Burst Format
Random Access Burst

Shorter duration than others in uplink. The increased guard period is
necessary because the timing of its transmission is unknown. When this
burst is transmitted, the BTS does not know the location of the MS and
therefore the timing of the message from the MS can not be accurately
accounted for

Stealing Flag: This indicates whether the burst is carrying Signaling data
(FACCH) or user info (TCH).
Training Seq.: This is a fixed bit sequence known both to the BTS & the
MS. This takes care of the signal deterioration

Burst Format
Frequency Correction Burst
Carries FCCH downlink to connect the frequency of the MS local

oscillator, effectively locking it to that of the BTS

Fixed bit sequence: All set to zero.
Training Seq.: This is a fixed bit sequence known both to the BTS & the
MS. This takes care of the signal deterioration

Burst Format
Synchronization Burst
Carries SCH downlink, synchronizing the timing of the MS to that of the

BTS.

Stealing Flag: This indicates whether the burst is carrying Signaling data
(FACCH) or user info (TCH).
Training Seq.: This is a fixed bit sequence known both to the BTS & the MS.
This takes care of the signal deterioration

Burst Format
Dummy Burst
Used when there is no information to be carried on the unused timeslots

of the BCCH carrier. Downlink only

GSM Traffic Management

GSM Traffic Management
LOCATION UPDATE
Location Update within Home Location
Location Update Between Different MSC

LOCATION UPDATE
Location Update within Home Location

LOCATION UPDATE
Location Update Between Different MSC

CALL FLOW
A Mobile Terminated Call

CALL FLOW
Mobile Originated Call

Handover
Handover is used to enable the Mobility in Mobile Network
Types of Handover
 Soft Handover –Make Before Break
 Hard Handover- Break Before Make
In GSM only Hard Handover Occurs

Handover in GSM
In a mobile communications network, the subscriber can move around.

To maintaining the traffic connection with a moving subscriber is made
possible with the help of the handover function

Handover in GSM
There are two reasons for performing a handover
Handover due to measurements occurs when the quality or the

Strength of the radio signal falls below certain parameters specified In
the BSC. The deterioration of the signal is detected by the Constant
signal measurements carried out by both the mobile station and the
BTS
Handover due to traffic reasons occurs when the traffic capacity of a

cell has reached its maximum or is approaching it. In such a case, the
mobile stations near the edges of the cell may be handed over to
neighboring cells with less traffic load.

Handover in GSM
The decision to perform a handover is always made by the BSC that is

currently serving the subscriber, except for the handover for traffic reasons.
In the latter case the MSC makes the decision.
There are four different types of handover
 Intra cell - Intra BSC handover
 Inter cell - Intra BSC handover
 Inter cell - Inter BSC handover
 Inter MSC handover

Intra cell - Intra BSC handover
The handovers is the intra cell handover where the subscriber is handed
over to another traffic channel (generally in another frequency) within the
same cell. In this case the BSC controlling the cell makes the decision to
perform handover

Inter cell - Intra BSC handover
The subscriber moves from cell 1 to cell 2. In this case the handover
process is controlled by BSC. The traffic connection with cell 1 is
released when the connection with cell 2 is set up successfully.

Inter cell - Inter BSC handover
The subscriber moves from cell 2 to cell 3, which is served by another

BSC. In this case the handover process is carried out by the MSC, but,
the decision to make the handover is still done by the first BSC. The
connection with the first BSC (and BTS) is released when the
connection with the new BSC (and BTS) is set up successfully.

Inter MSC handover
The subscriber moves from a cell controlled by one MSC/VLR to a cell

in the domain of another MSC/VLR

Comparison Between Second Generation (2G) Mobile Technologies
GSM Vs CDMA

General Packet Radio Service-GPRS
General Packet Radio Service - 2.5G
GPRS is a packet switched oriented mobile data service

General Packet Radio Service
Drawback of existing mobile service
Existing cellular data services do not fulfill the needs of users and Service
providers
From user’s point of view, existing cellular data services lags in:-
 Connection setup takes too long and is rather complicated

 Service is too expensive for most users
From technical point of view, , existing cellular data services lags in:-
 Wireless data service based on circuit switching technique

 complete traffic channel is allocated for a single user for the entire call
period

In order to address these inefficiencies, cellular packet data technology

GPRS have been developed
Benefits of GPRS
 GPRS improves the utilization of the radio resources
 Offers volume-based billing
 Higher data transfer rates
 Shorter access times
 Simplifies the access to packet data networks

Technical Feature Of GPRS
Switching Technique
Packet Switched
Modulation Technique
GMSK

New Nodes In GPRS
Along with the GSM Network Architecture ,In GPRS few new nodes
are added they are:-
 Packet Control Unit - PCU

 Serving GPRS support node – SGSN
 Gateway GPRS support node - GGSN

GPRS Network Architecture

Network Architecture and Interfaces

Function of GPRS Network Elements
Packet Control Unit-PCU
Through PCU card BSC support packet switch technique

Serving GPRS support node – SGSN
A serving GPRS support node (SGSN) is responsible for the delivery of

data packets from and to the mobile stations within its service area
 Packet routing and transfer

 Mobility management (attach/detach and location management)
 Logical link management
 Authentication and charging functions

Common SGSN Functions
 De-tunnel packets from the GGSN (downlink)
 Tunnel IP packets toward the GGSN (uplink)
 Carry out mobility management as Idle mode mobile moves from

Routing Area to Routing Area

GSM/EDGE Specific SGSN functions
• Carry up to about 60 kbit/s (150 kbit/s for Edge) traffic per subscriber
• Connect via frame relay to the PCU using the Gb protocol stack
• Accept uplink data to form IP packets
• Encrypt uplink data, decrypt downlink data
• Carry out mobility management to the level of a cell for connected

mode Mobiles

Gateway GPRS support node-GPRS
A gateway GPRS support node (GGSN) acts as an interface between

the GPRS backbone network and the external packet data networks.

Gateway GPRS support node-GPRS
It converts the GPRS packets coming from the SGSN into the
appropriate packet data protocol (PDP) format (e.g., IP or X.25) and
sends them out on the corresponding packet data network
In the other direction, PDP addresses of incoming data packets are
converted to the GSM address of the destination user.
The re-addressed packets are sent to the responsible SGSN. For this
purpose, the GGSN stores the current SGSN address and profile of the
user in its location register
Authentication and charging functions.

GPRS data rate and profiles
The theoretical limit for packet switched data is approx. 170 kbps. A
realistic bit rate is 30–70 kbps
The maximum data rates are achieved only by allocation of more than
one time slot in the TDMA frame.
GPRS class 4 (3+1)

GPRS class 6 (3+2)
GPRS class 8 (4+1)
GPRS class 10 (4+2)

The speed depends also on the channel encoding used. The best coding
scheme (CS-4) is available near the Base Transceiver Station (BTS) while
the worst coding scheme (CS-1) is used when the Mobile Station (MS) is
further away from the BTS
Speed (kbit/s)
CS-1 9.05
CS-2 13.4
CS-3 15.6
CS-4 21.4

GPRS Channels

Broadcast channels:
Packet Broadcast Central Channel (PBCCH): This is a downlink only channel

that is used to broadcast information to mobiles and informs them of incoming
calls etc. It is very similar in operation to the BCCH used for GSM

Common control channels:
Packet Paging Channel (PPCH): This is a downlink only channel and is used to alert
the mobile to an incoming call and to alert it to be ready to receive data
Packet Access Grant Channel (PAGCH): This is also a downlink channel and it sends
information telling the mobile which traffic channel has been assigned to it
Packet Notification Channel (PNCH): This is another downlink only channel that is
used to alert mobiles that there is broadcast traffic intended for a large number of
mobiles. It is typically used in what is termed point-to-point multicasting.
Packet Random Access Channel (PRACH): This is an uplink channel that enables the
mobile to initiate a burst of data in the uplink.

Dedicated control channels:
Packet Associated Control Channel (PACCH): : This channel is present in both

uplink and downlink directions and it is used for control signalling while a call is in
progress
Packet Timing Advance Common Control Channel (PTCCH): This channel, which is
present in both the uplink and downlink directions is used to adjust the timing
advance.

Dedicated traffic channel:
Packet Data Traffic Channel (PDTCH): This channel is used to send the traffic and it
is present in both the uplink and downlink directions. Up to eight PDTCHs can be
allocated to a mobile to provide high speed data.

GPRS operation
 Initialization / idle
 Standby
 Ready

Enhanced Data rates for Global Evolution-EDGE
Enhanced Data rates for Global Evolution-2.75G

An enhanced Data rate for Global Evolution (EDGE) is a digital

mobile phone technology, which acts as a bolt-on enhancement to
2G and 2.5G.

Technical Feature Of EDGE
In addition to GMSK (Gaussian minimum-shift keying) EDGE uses

8PSK (8 Phase Shift Keying)
 Coding Technique-Modulation coding scheme(MCS)
EDGE-Data Rate
EDGE is capable of offering data rates of 384kbps and Theoretically ,

of up to 473.6kbps

Technical Differences between GPRS and EDGE
GPRS EDGE
Modulation GMSK 8-PSK/GMSK
User data rate per time slot 20 kb/s (CS4) 59.2 kb/s (MCS9)
User data rate (8 timeslots) 160 kb/s 473.6 kb/s
MCS: Modulation coding scheme

Technical Differences between GPRS and EDGE

Thank You

Globle System For Mobile Communication-Gsm: Introduction To 2Gtechnology-Gsm

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Introduction to 2GTechnology-GSM

GLOBLE SYSTEM FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATION-GSM

Tech Vidhya: TVCGSME 1

 GSM SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

 IDENTITIES USED IN GSM

 GSM RADIO LINK

 RADIO RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

Tech Vidhya: TVCGSME 2

Tech Vidhya: TVCGSME 3

Any time Any where

Tech Vidhya: TVCGSME 4

«bla bla bla...»

Tech Vidhya: TVCGSME 5

Blah... Blah... Blah... Blah… Blah… Blah...

Channel Coding Channel Decoding

Burst Formatting Burst De-formatting

Tech Vidhya: TVCGSME 6

Tech Vidhya: TVCGSME 7

1G : Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS) Analog,

2G : Digital Advanced Mobile Phone Service (D-AMPS)

2G : Global System for Mobile (GSM) Digital, Circuit

2G : Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)Digital, Circuit

Tech Vidhya: TVCGSME 8

2.5G : General Packet Radio Services (GPRS)Digital, Circuit

2.75G : Enhanced Data rate For GSM Evolution (EDGE)

Tech Vidhya: TVCGSME 9

• The average quality of speech achieved is better than in analogue

• Data transmission is supported throughout the GSM system.

• Speech is encrypted and subscriber information security is guaranteed.

Tech Vidhya: TVCGSME 10

• Due to the ISDN compatibility, new services are offered compared

• International roaming is technically possible within all countries

Tech Vidhya: TVCGSME 11

 Multiple Access Methods

Tech Vidhya: TVCGSME 12

Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA)

Tech Vidhya: TVCGSME 13

Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)

Tech Vidhya: TVCGSME 14

FDD - Frequency Division Duplex TDD - Time Division Duplex

Tech Vidhya: TVCGSME 15

Tech Vidhya: TVCGSME 16

Tech Vidhya: TVCGSME 17

GSM 900 MHz

Uplink: 890 MHz to 915 MHz

Downlink: 935 MHz to 960 MHz

Absolute Radio Frequency

Tech Vidhya: TVCGSME 18

GSM 1800 MHz

Uplink: 1710 MHz to 1785 MHz

Downlink: 1805 MHz to 1880 MHz

Absolute Radio Frequency Channels

Tech Vidhya: TVCGSME 19

Tech Vidhya: TVCGSME 20

FDMA-Frequency Division Multiple Access

25 MHz divided into 125 channels of 200 KHz bandwidth

Tech Vidhya: TVCGSME 21

TDMA-Time Division Multiple Access

Each carrier frequency subdivided in time domain into 8 time slots

Tech Vidhya: TVCGSME 22

Tech Vidhya: TVCGSME 23

GSM Cell & Sector

Tech Vidhya: TVCGSME 24