Major Lab Project

Modelling and Simulation of a room

temperature control system
Temperature Control

 Temperature control is a process in which change of temperature of

a space is measured or otherwise detected, and the passage of
heat energy into or out of the space is adjusted to achieve a
desired average temperature.
 A home thermostat is an example of a closed control loop: It
constantly assesses the current room temperature and controls a
heater and/or air conditioner to increase or decrease the
temperature according to user-defined setting
Control System
▪ Control Objective: maintain house temperature at SP in spite of disturbances
▪ Process Variable: house temperature
▪ Measurement Sensor: thermistor; or bimetallic strip coil on analog models
▪ Measured Process Variable (PV) Signal: signal transmitted from the thermistor
▪ Set Point (SP): desired house temperature
▪ Controller Output (CO): signal to fuel valve actuator and furnace burner
▪ Final Control Element (FCE): solenoid valve for fuel flow to furnace
▪ Manipulated Variable: fuel flow rate to furnace
▪ Disturbances (D): heat loss from doors, walls and windows; changing outdoor
temperature; sunrise and sunset; rain...
Contact Stress in Gears

 Contact mechanics is the study of the deformation of solids that

touch each other at one or more points
 Contact mechanics is foundational to the field of mechanical
engineering; it provides necessary information for the safe and
energy efficient design of technical systems and for the study of
tribology and indentation hardness.
Where b = half-width of rectangular contact area
and Po = Pmax = maximum pressure.
Contact Stress

 The maximum contact pressure is

2F
pmax 
 bl

 The stress distribution is

 1   x  2 pmax  1  ( z b) 2  z b 
 1  2( z b) 2 
 2   y   pmax  2 z b 
 1  ( z b) 2 
 
pmax
3   z  
1  ( z b)
2