Sie sind auf Seite 1von 12

Auditing I

Exercise 3-1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 15

Group 4 (Telolet) Accounting Class 4:


Amellia Samantha / 008201500036
Fajar Widya Kusumah / 008201400035
Ginsi Trianesti / 008201500117
Lyra Raisa / 008201500122
Muhammad Ihsan / 008201500124
Exercise 3-1

 Distinguish between audit risk and auditor’s business risk.


Audit risk is the risk that the auditor expresses an inappropriate
audit opinion when the financial statements are materially misstated.
Auditor’s business risk is the auditor’s exposure to loss or injury to
professional practice from litigation, adverse publicity, or other events
arising in connection with financial statements audited and reported
on.
In simple terms, audit risk is the risk that an auditor will issue an
unmodified opinion on materially misstated financial statements, while
auditor’s business risk relates to the auditor's exposure to financial loss
and damage to his or her professional reputation.
Exercise 3-2

 How do inherent risk and control risk differ from detection risk?

Inherent risk and control risk differ from detection risk in that
inherent risk and control risk exist independently of the audit. The levels
of inherent risk and control risk are functions of the client and its
environment, and the auditor has little control over these risks. The
auditor can control detection risk through the scope (nature, timing
and extent) of the audit procedures performed. Thus, detection risk
has an inverse relationship with inherent risk and control risk.
Exercise 3-4

 Distinguish between sampling and non-sampling risk.


Sampling risk refers to the fact that, in many instances, the auditor
does not examine 100 percent of the account balance or class of
transactions. Since only a subset of the population is examined, it is
possible that the sample drawn is not representative of the population
and a wrong conclusion may be made on the fairness of the account
balance.
Non-sampling risk occurs because an auditor may use an
inappropriate audit procedure, fail to detect a misstatement when
applying an appropriate audit procedure, or misinterpret an audit
result.
Exercise 3-6
 Give three examples of conditions and events that may indicate the
existence of (client) business risks.
Some examples of conditions and events that may indicate the
existence of business risks are:
• Significant changes in the entity such as large acquisitions,
reorganizations or other unusual events.
• Significant changes in the industry in which the entity operates.
• Significant new products or services or significant new lines of business.
• New locations.
• Significant changes in the IT environment.
• Operations in areas with unstable economies.
• High degree of complex regulation.
Exercise 3-7
 Distinguish between error and fraud. Give three examples of each.
Auditing standards define errors as unintentional misstatements or
omissions of amounts or disclosures in financial statements. Fraud is
defined as intentional misstatements that can be classified into two types:
(1) misstatements arising from fraudulent financial reporting and (2)
misstatements arising from misappropriation of assets. Examples of errors
include mistakes in gathering or processing from which financial
statements are prepared, unreasonable accounting estimates arising from
oversight or misinterpretation of facts, and mistakes in the application of
accounting principles.
Fraud includes intentional manipulation, falsification, or alteration of
accounting records or supporting documents from which the financial
statements are prepared; misrepresentation in, or intentional omission
from, the financial statements of events, transactions, or other significant
information; intentional misapplication of accounting principles relating to
amounts, classification, manner of presentation, or disclosure; and theft of
assets such as cash or inventory.
Exercise 3-8
 Why is it important for audit firms to develop policies and
procedures for establishing materiality?

Professional standards provide very little specific guidance on how


to assess what is material to a reasonable user. As a result, auditing
firms should develop policies and procedures to assist their auditors in
establishing materiality judgments for clients in order to minimize the
variability of such judgments by firm personnel. In other words, firms
would prefer to have their auditors establish similar materiality
judgments for clients with similar circumstances.
Exercise 3-10
 While net profit before taxes is frequently used for calculating
materiality, discuss circumstances when total assets or revenues
might be better bases for calculating materiality.

Total assets or total revenues are better bases for determining


materiality for many entities because these factors are more stable
and less variable from year to year than is net income (profit).
Difficulties arise when using net income, or a variant of net income, as
a base when the entity is close to breaking even or experiencing a
loss.
Exercise 3-11
 Why do auditors determine and apply performance materiality?
Performance materiality is the amount or amounts set by the
auditor at less than materiality for the financial statements as whole.
Performance materiality is determined for the purposes of assessing the
risks of material misstatement and determining the nature, timing, and
extent of further audit procedures. Performance materiality is set at a
lower amount than materiality to provide a margin for possible
undetected misstatements. This reduces the risk that the aggregate of
uncorrected and undetected misstatements will exceed materiality for
the financial statements.
If applicable, performance materiality also refers to the amount or
amounts set by the auditor at less than the materiality level or levels for
particular classes of transactions, account balances or disclosures.
Exercise 3-12
 List four circumstances that may affect the auditor’s evaluation of
materiality of uncorrected misstatements.
 Whether the misstatement involves fraud or illegal acts, for example the
concealment of an unlawful transaction.
 Whether the misstatement has the effect of increasing management’s
compensation , for example by ensuring that the requirements for the
award of bonuses are satisfied.
 Whether the misstatement relates to items involving particular parties
such as related parties.
 Whether the misstatement affects compliance with regulatory
requirements, for example information required by supervisory
authorities.
 Whether the misstatement affects compliance with contractual
requirements, for example with loan covenants.
Exercise 3-15
 The audit firm of Quigley and Associates uses a qualitative approach to
implementing the audit risk model. Audit risk is categorized using two terms:
very low and low. The risk of material misstatement and detection risk are
categorized using three terms: low; moderate; and high. Calculate
detection risk for each of the following hypothetical clients.

Client No. Audit Risk Risk of Material Detection Risk


Misstatement
1 Low Moderate Moderate
2 Very Low High High
3 Low Low Low
4 Very Low Moderate Low

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen