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BAGIAN/SMF ANESTESI
FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN UNLAM/RSUD ULIN
BANJARMASIN
2016
DEFINISI SYOK
Gangguan sirkulasi yang ditandai dengan
kolapsnya hemodinamik tubuh berupa perfusi yang
tidak adekuat pada kulit, ginjal dan sistem saraf pusat.
American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma. Advanced trauma life supports for doctors, student course manual Ed.
8th.Chicago: American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma, 2008.
FISIOLOGI DASAR JANTUNG
American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma. Advanced trauma life supports for doctors, student course manual Ed.
8th.Chicago: American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma, 2008.
KLASIFIKASI SYOK
SYOK HIPOVOLEMIK
Dehidrasi
Perdarahan
American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma. Advanced trauma life supports for doctors, student course manual Ed.
8th.Chicago: American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma, 2008.
PENILAIAN AWAL PASIEN
American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma. Advanced trauma life supports for doctors, student course manual Ed.
8th.Chicago: American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma, 2008.
Pathophysiology of Shock Hypovolemi
Volume loss
Autonomic tone Fluid shifts from extracellular to
Catecholamine release intravascular
Intervention / stabilization
Cellular function
impaired
Continued volume loss
Membrane porosity
Lysozymal leakage
Movement of fluid
from intravascular to Cellular autodigestion
interstitial spaces
Irreversible
shock
intervention
No. intervention
8 DEATH 2/12/15
The Golden Hour
is the time in which resuscitation of severely injured
patients must begin to achieve maximal survive
R. Adams Cowley, MD
Hasanul, 2009
THE GOLDEN HOUR
Probability of Survival R. Adams Cowley, MD
100
80
% survival
60
40
20
0 minutes
30 60 90
Survival is related to severity and duration
Hasanul, 2009
SYOK HEMORAGIK
Perdarahan adalah kehilangan volume darah sirkulasi secara akut.
Estimated Blood Volume (EBV):
Dewasa Laki-laki: 75 ml/kg BB
Dewasa Perempuan: 65 ml/kg BB
Lebih dari 1 tahun 70 ml/kg BB
Infan sampa 1 tahun 80 ml/kg BB
Neonatus 90 ml/kg BB
Kehilangan darah yang mencapai 25% EBV akan menyebabkan
pasien jatuh dalam syok.
DERAJAT SYOK PERDARAHAN
Jika pasien pria dengan berat badan 70 kg
Sign & symptom Class I Class II Class III Class IV
Capillary refill N ↓ ↓ ↓
RR N 20-30 30-40 >35
Urinary output >30 20-30 5-15 Negligible
(ml/hr)
Mental status Mild anxiety Anxiety Confused Lethargic
Fluid replacement Crystalloid Crystalloid Crystalloid + blood Crystalloid + blood
American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma. Advanced trauma life supports for doctors, student course manual Ed. 8 th.Chicago: American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma, 2008.
Perubahan Dalam Systemic Oxygen Delivery
Akibat Syok Perdarahan
PENATALAKSANAAN SYOK HEMORAGIK
Estimated blood loss Minimal (10%-20%) Moderate and ongoing Severe (>40%)
(20%-40%)
- Berikan Oksigen
- C, resusitasi: darah wajib diberikan. Sambil menunggu darah, resusitasi dengan pilihan
pertama koloid, jika tidak tersedia, lakukan resusitasi dengan kristaloid:
o Resusitasi kristaloid 2ltr dalam 0,5-1 jam
o Evaluasi, bila belum teratasi ulangi sekali lagi
o Plasma expander/darah diberikan pada syok derajat 3 dan 4
o Atasi sumber perdarahan
SYOK DEHIDRASI
ETIOLOGI
Gastrointestinal losses
◻Vomiting
◻Diarrhea
Urinary losses
◻Diabetic ketoacidosis
◻Diabetes insipidus
◻Adrenal insufficiency
◻Diuretic usage
Decreased intake
◻Stomatitis, pharyngitis
◻Anorexia, fluid deprivation
Translocation of body fluids
◻Small bowel obstruction
◻Peritonitis
◻Acute pancreatitis
◻Burns
◻Ascites
◻Nephrotic syndrome
DERAJAT SYOK DEHIDRASI
Weight Rate
PERUBAHAN :
-Gx Klinis
-Hematokrit
-Plasma elektrolit
-CVP
+ Maintenance
Laki-laki dewasa 30 th BB 60 kg mengalami dehidrasi berat:
10% dari BB : 6 Lt: 6000 cc
1. Rehidrasi cepat: 20 cc/KgBB/1 jam= 1200 cc/jam + cairan maintenance (100cc)= 1300 cc
Evaluasi
a. Jika berhasil, masuk tahap II: (6000-1200)/2= 2400cc + 600 (6 jam maintenance)= 3000 cc habis dalam 6 jam
berikutnya
kemudian 2400 + 1600 cc (16 jam cairan maintenance) = 4000 cc habis dalam 16 jam
b. jika belum terhidrasi ulang langkah 1200 cc/jam + cairan maintenance. Evaluasi
2. Jika berhasil setelah 2 x resusitasi
masuk tahap II: (6000-(1200x2)) /2 + 600 cc=2400 cc habis dalam 6 jam
kemudian 1800cc + 1600 cc= 3400cc habis dalam 16 jam
3. Jika 2x resusitasi masih belum terhidrasi, evaluasi sirkulai dan hemodinamik dengan melakukan pemasangan CVC
untuk mengetahui CVP
<8 mmHg: hipovolume >> berikan cairan resusitasi
8-12mmHg: normovolume >> pertimbangkan vasopressor+ cairan maintenance
>12 mmHg: hipervolume >> pertimbangkan vasopressor + restriksi cairan
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